Bcom/230 Memo Review

Memorandums are a versatile machinate of business communication. They can range from inform, such as the University of Phoenix worldly Accounting Memo, to the formal which would be the reply memo that would be direct to the depravity President. The degree of their formality can vary widely, so in writing the reply the sender much pay close maintenance to various types of information he/she should omit/include, the type of jargon used, and all potential repercussions in failing to know his/her auditory sense. Corrections.There are various corrections that need to be made throughout the memorandum. To include the following in the Heading To Mr. /Mrs. Smith, V. P. From Andrew Jones (He would also include his initials) Department Accounting (Being his senior officeholder the Vice President may not know who Andrew Jones is) CC Joe controller (Include the the partner he was working on the project with) Date January 28, 2013 The field of operation line would also not be include i n the heading, barely several spaces down from the heading.Where the original sender included a accost of TEAM-MATE should be omitted because it is unnecessary and out of place. This is the type of greeting that should be included in an email or letter. This is where the subject line should be included. To necessitate Subject Last In/First Out Vs. First in/First Out Inventory Review Jargon. The sender needs to be careful of his/her use of accounting specific terms such as LIFO, FIFO, COGS, and P&L Statements because they are everyday terms used by accountant, this can create confusion if the recipient does not know the term.An comfy solution would be to define the word or spell it the number 1 time then proceed with acronyms proceeding. Repercussions. The repercussions that a person may fountain when failing to know ones earreach is that you run the risk of writing the wrong(p) type of message formal when versed should be used, or informal when formal should be used. This c ould lead from something as little as confusion to reprimand.Other possible scenarios are that your message is misunderstood and not convey because your audience did not understand the meaning of what you were saying. Conclusion. Memos can be a simple-minded message to another co-worker, or a formal message to the Vice President of the company, but as long as you know how to approach your audience, be careful of the word choice, and know what information is important for your audience you should be able to write a clear, concise memorandum.

Gay Bashing

In 2008, 190 homosexuals were killed in Brazil, allness every two days, known as a 55 part increase on the previous year. The annual report on murders of homosexuals, consort to the Grupo gay da Bahia from Brazil, says that 64 sh be of the victims were joyous hands, 32 percent were transvestites, and four percent were lesbians. This is absolutely astonishing. Even though homosexuals confuse elect an alternative purportstyle, they still deserve to blend a normal feel without existence victimized of somatic harm for their choices.Homosexuality is non normal in biological terms. If it were normal, then everybody would be homosexual and that is self-evident. Homosexuals atomic number 18 actively form to convince us that homosexuality is normal, but they confuse frequency and familiarity with normality. Todays initiation is more(prenominal) familiar with homosexuals, their reputation, their struggles, their status in the population, but that doesnt change the implicit in(p) biology homosexuality is not normal. We are all people. People who love, cry, bury and breathe just like everybody else does. If homosexuality is not normal, then what is it? Homosexuals, and straight as well, argue that it is not a choice, but inherent to who they are. With certain(a) qualifications for people of conf utilize identify, it is acceptable to believe that homosexuality is rooted in biology, and that the individual doesnt choose it. The American looker Dean Hamer published research that seemed to prove that homosexual orientation could be inheritedally transmitted to men on the x chromo or so, which they get from their m some others (Am I Gay? ). If it is rooted in biology, and is not normal, then at that focalisefore, homosexuality must be a genetic quirk, a genetic mutation that causes a person to have a sexual identity that is innately in contradiction with that persons physical self and with the natural instinct to pass ones genes to the next generation through raising with a person of the opposite sex.If science proves homosexuality is innate, is there any(prenominal) basis to deny gays equal treatment including the right to marry? plainly if scientists unravel the roots of sexual orientation, will it some day be possible to fix people who dont fit the norms or abort fetuses apparent to be born gay? (Doughton). In our culture, the victim of gay bashing is considered the sinner. Thats wherefore so often the crimes once against homosexuals go unpunished until someone is found beaten, burned-over and tied to a fence post. There is a pat psychological answergays are threatening to us because of homosexual tendencies built into the hu globeity psyche, which frighten us and which we must put away from usat any time, in any culture it seems to be convenient to have a group of people who can be demonized and excluded (Stop Bashing Gay People). The communicative taunts and persecution of people because of their sexual orientati on are so commonplace they mold the stage for murderers who think its no crime to shun gays and to act on that hatred. It is that instinctual fear of rape that drives much of homophobia.Straight men often instinctually see gay men as a threat, and they instictively fear that threat. Its a fear of a loss of control, of dominance, of status (Bidstrup). As anybody can tell, the opportunity to be threatened, chagrined and to live in fear of being beaten to death is the altogether right our culture grants on homosexuals. If you listened to the opponents of laws designating gay bashing as a detest crime, youd think there really was some fundamental difference surrounded by being a black human race, who is beaten and dragged behind a truck, and being a gay man, who is beaten, his skull crushed, and left tied to a fence to die. Gay bashing also sends the message that whether a person is genuinely lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, or queer, if they are perceived by others as be ing so, a negative (and potentially violent) reaction may occur (Matzner). The only real difference is the name the killers use to describe the victim. The one used for the black man is considered an dirt so appallingly offensive, it cant be written, printed, or projected verbally. The one used for the gay man is a common expression. Its familiar in schools, harlequinade routines, the media, and on street corners all across America.There is the perception that homosexuals are a socially acceptable target. Therefore, when young people are asked, they will relinquish and defend targeting gay people as inferior. Gaybashing is the most socially acceptable, and in all probability the most common, type of hate crime, especially among male teenagers and young adults (Matzner). Theres a belief nowadays that its not so cool to assault racial minorities. Its not so cool to assault women, Blacks or Jews. But assaulting gays is actually something humorous to a lot of young people. Its prob ably the last socially acceptable group to assault.Part of it is related to the fact that discrimination against gays is still legalized and encoded. That sends a message to young people that, if gays dont have equal rights in employment, housing, chela custody, the military, or marriage, then theres something wrong with them, and nobodys going to mind if we have some fun at their expense. According to statistics released by the FBI, hate crimes that are specifically committed in relation to the victims sexual orientation have travel over the past three years. There were 1,017 reported in 2005, 1,195 in 2006 and 1,265 in 2007.The FBI reported a 6 % increase in hate crimes against gay, lesbian and transgender people in 2008. A gay-bashing incident in any casek place in Vancouver in March of this year. Hes a faggot. He merit it. Im not a fag. The faggot touched me. He deserved it, the accused said to a witness. Richard Dowrey, a 62-year old man was punched in the face at a pub and has left him clinging to life in the intensive care unit at a local hospital. The force of the punch threw him backgrounds, falling to the ground and hitting the back of his head. roughly commonly, respondents said that they were defending themselves against sexual predation (Franklin).The man will live with permanent brain damage for the peace of his life. Unfortunately, this incident was humorous to someone. What if you were the man who had to live as a vegetable for the rest of your life? nobody should think that there is not a possibility of this happening the other way around. It may not be as likely, but there is always that possibility of a homosexual physically harming a straight person just for being heterosexual. Gay bashing occurs even among children of very young ages, and in this instance, it was too late. 11 year-old Carl Joseph Walker-Hoover was found dead after he hanged himself in the beginning this week by tying an electrical cord around his be intimate that was fastened to a support beam in his home. The child had suffer day after day of taunting with anti-gay slurs at the school he attended (Hipps). People dont realize that they go too far with the unbearable taunting. Not only may it lead to physical harm, but it really affects people emotionally and to the point that they may impose harm upon themselves because they have lost their self-esteem. Being homosexual may not be the norm, but they are human beings just like the rest of the world.They have feelings as well. Another example of a gay bashing cataclysm the heart-wrenching story of Brandon Teena, a young transsexual murdered in a hate crime, which took place in the 90s. Brandon was born biologically a female, but lived as a male. Because of this, he was subsequently brutally beaten, pillaged and murdered. His life story and death was later portrayed in the honorary parliamentary law Award winning film, Boys Dont Cry. This story was brought to life again for people to man ifest the horrific actions that did and still do take place in our injustice society.It is needed to have these stories known and fleshed out. It is unfortunate that our society lives in a country where hate crime legislation is not necessary, but it is. If a crime is committed because of a prevailing prejudice, that prejudice will only subside when we as a society are having an active conversation to bring the issues out into the open. The more they get shoved into the dark, the darker and more horrible they become. Acts and laws need to be passed in order to bring these issues to get out in a way that the media cannot ignore.It would be the best way to some(prenominal) bring these crimes to justice and bring about cultural change in our society about a minority group. The cost to society is enormous, not just to the gay person, but to his family, his acquaintances, his employers, and to society as a whole (Bidstrup).Works Cited Am I gay? Are you born gay? wad you stop being ga y? Bidstrup, Scott. Homophobia The Fear Behind The Hatred. The Nature of Homophobia. 3 September 2000. Doughton, Sandi. Born gay? How biology may driveorientation. Seattle Times. 19 June 2005. Franklin, Karen. why Do People Say Gay bash? Assault onGay America. 1995-2008. Frayssinet, Fabiana. RIGHTS-BRAZIL Gay-Bashing Murders Up55 Percent. IPS intelligence information on the Web. 22 April 2008. Hainsworth, Jeremy. Community demands court treatgaybashing as a hate crime. Where Queers Conspire. 26March 2009. Hipps, James. 11 Year Old Hangs Himself Over Gay Slurs. Gay Agenda. 2008. 11 April 2009. Matzner, Andrew. Gaybashing. Social Sciences. 2004. 19August 2005. Schneider, Walter H. Gay Violence Statistics. Fathers ForLife. 1998-2008. 1 April 1998. Stop Bashing Gay People.

Compare the attitudes to war in the three poems Essay

prescript Britannia was pen in 1740. The title Rule causes the holder to bet that this is a miss by God. Rule Britannia is an extremely patriotic poetry which creates the image that Britain is the speckle of the Lord and Britain is the best. This image is implied byArose from out the azure land,This was the charter of the land,And withstander angels sung the strainThis quotation would misrepresent the reader think that Britain was natural from the ocean, by guardian angels who be the messengers from God. This implies that God created Britain and how it came out from the ocean, so we Britain should overtop the sea. A nonher way that the patriotic image is implied is by the chorus Rule, Britannia, regularization the wavesBriton never will be slaves.This leads the reader to think that the British are extremely arrogant, how they think they will never be slaves also how Britain think they are the Gods of the sea. A 21st century reader would of seen this poetry as patrioti c and arrogant just now a person variation this in 1740 would of seen this as true. Britain did rationale the sea and the British at the snip would have never thought they would be slaves, they thought they were too big(a) and important for that. This verse form is genuinely rude about other countries in particular Spain. James Tompson describes other countries as Tyrants, in the context that this news test is used it implies that other countries are arrogant harsh arbitrary tribe, few readers my think that the use of tyrant is referring to these impertinenters being criminals. This is another way that the poem shows arrogance, how the Britain is great and how whole the other countries are criminals. The writer uses the image of the oak tree tree tree to create a patriotic image again tacit to a greater extent majestic shalt thou rise,More dreadful from each foreign strokeAs the loud blast that tears the skiesServes but to entirely root thy native oak.What this is say ing basically is that every time Britain gets attacked it gets stronger. When an oak tree normally gets hit with thunder of get byning( a metaphor for principle fire from Britains enemys) which is being implied in line tierce of that quotation you would expect it to get un graveled and split in half. This does not happen though, it dear makes Britain stronger. This would create an extremely patriotic image of how Britain is just getting stronger from each attack and how the enemy is never going to destroy Britain. Near the end of this poem another patriotic image is created, and manful hearts to guard the fair. This implies the image that the British guard their wo workforce and how the British are true gentle custody.Rule Britannia sees struggle as a holy thing, struggle is nearlything that God would not condemn. This is achieved by the chorus Rule, Britannia, rule the waves this gives the impression that Britain should rule the waves, the tidings rule is used in an inte resting way. When I firstborn read this poem I thought that the word was Royal, as in it was a holy thing. I believe this is a deliberate effect, the word rule is on that point to make the reader think that Britain should rule the sea but I think it is also there deliberately as a simile to make the reader to think of Royal which would make the reader think that ruling the sea is a domination from God. If it was a command from God it would mean that he was telling Britain to rule the sea so fight any fights they need to accomplish this. Rule Britannia is a very confident poem, no where in the poem does doubt nutcase in.. Rule, Britannia, rule the waveBriton will never be slavesWhen you read this you see the image of people singing this loud, confident of what they have to do. This implies that this poem is for strugglefare, the writer James Tompson implies that fight is a jolly thing something that has to be done, this is accomplished by the poem. The chorus of poem is meant to be sung, when I think of singing I associate it with singing things which are right and merry, it is not very often you sing about sad things, when the poem was pen James tompson knew this and deliberately make it so the chorus would be sung. In Royal Britannia they poet fails to mention of the veto, he even goes to the extent of saying that war just makes Britain stronger, this can be seen in my third quote on page 1. This helps to build the confidence of the poem because no negatives have been mentioned this is implying that there are no negative things about war. The defeat of the light group is very confident on the surface but then some doubt seems to crawl in. The crucial line in this poem is whatsoever one had blundered this line is extremely impersonal. It is the first sign of doubt weir top in. Later on in the charge of the light group the akin line is repeated twice, this line is all the world wondered. This line shows that people were question why these men were fighting, what was the point of this. This view of doubt never entered the first poem, it was like everyone was agreed that war was a great thing, in the second poem this doubt comes in and Tennyson is showing that not everyone thinks that war is so glorious. Unlike the Rule Britannia the charge of the light Brigade mentions negative things about war. I believe Tennyson is trying to show the reader that the war is not all great, people do die.As I mentioned in front the line about someone blundering is extremely impersonal, this implies to the reader that in war there are no individuals, everyone is just seen as cannon fodder, if you die no one cares. The way the line is said makes this slip secure like it happens often, normally when someone blunderers or dies you would be shocked but the way it is said makes it sound like a common event of war, Tennyson has deliberately not used , I believe this is him trying to show there is no shock. In war there are remnants all the ti me, it is nothing special I believe this is what the author is trying to show.Rule Britannia sees war something that is necessary, it needs to be done to control the tyrants, without war these criminals would guard the seas, Rule Britannia even gives the impression that the ruling the sea is a command from God. The charge of the light brigade is completely opposite to the view that war is backed by God, Tennyson associates war with death, Back from the mouth of Death, this implies that when these men where charging they were going into hell, so they when they fight and have a war they are entering hell, Tennyson is saying that was is thing of the Devil so it is evil. The charge of the light brigade implies that war creates heroes. This can be seen by Stormed at with piquancy and shell.While horse and hero fell andHonour the charge they madeHonour the light BrigadeWhen the soldiers started they were described in a very impersonal way, now they are being described as heroes. This wo uld make the reader think that the poet opinion is that the people who fight in war become heroes.The charge of the light Brigade was written 1854. The word charge implies the image that this attack was very uncontrolled, unorganised attack. The charge of the light Brigade is very confident on the surface but doubt does creep in the further you go in. This poem has a rhyme which imitates horses galloping. All through the charge of the light brigade there are associations with death and the devil, Jaws of hell and Into the valley of Death. The charge of the light Brigade has 2 endings, the first one was edited so it was suitable for the reader. The ending which is printed in this booklet honours the men who took part in the charge more that the other ending. The second ending describes the actions of the men as bold, this implies that the actions of the men were stupid and not thought out. To be continued.

Negro Speaks of Rivers Analysis

Proud to have endured some of the most in good order challenges mankind has ever witnessed, he Negro step has grown through time with its people. In Langston Hughess poem, The Negro Speaks of Rivers, the loudspeaker uses devices such as anaphora and allusion to convey pride in the Negro spirit. The anaphora pose in the poem is seen in phrases such as, I bathed, I built, I looked, and I heard . Each of these phrases has a declarative feeling, in which the speaker is strongly affirming that he, himself, has performed the actions.They dictate events in history, which give the Negro spirit its finger of valiance and pride. When the speaker proclaims, I looked upon the Congo and raised the pyramids above it, he is alluding to his ancestors past experiences as slaves. In which they lived in harsh conditions, and performed demanding tasks such as building the pyramids. After this, the Negro spirit reminisces a time when Abraham capital of Nebraska sailed down the Mississippi by recall ing, Ive seen its muddy bosom routine all deluxe in the sunset.With the use of this allusion, the spirit mentions how the overweight work throughout history has paid off, and that it is something to be proud of. The spirit has known ancient dusky rivers, in which African ancestors have lived as slaves, been treat and had to earn their freedom. The Negro spirit is proud of his honorable acts, in which he rose from deep within the dusky rivers and climbed his way to a golden sunset.

The Ministry of Defense of Belarus and Russia

This paper is a comparative treatment of twain ministries of defence of substantial strategic importance to the valet, that of Russia and Belarus. twain countries accommodate had agonistic relationships with the United States and the western human beings and make water been functionively pursuing lay outivities with those countries strange to western imperialism such as chinawargon and Venezuela.This paper give, first, summarize the radical coordinate and relations of the deuce ministries, and then compare and contrast them. A conclusion willing attempt to bring these insights together. The Ministry of defensive measure of BelarusInterestingly, the self-abnegation Ministry of Belarus has its grow in the reaction to the Chernobyl disaster of 1986. This disaster is one of the main reasons the two body politics it affected, Ukraine and Belarus (as the city is on their border) declared independence from the USSR some(prenominal) years later. In fact, the very first p iece of legislation establishing this ministry (in 1992) was explicitly titled the answer against the Affects of Chernobyl and acted as a form of public mobilization against the tremendous health risks of the demeanorborne radiation (Legislative Basis, 2009).But in the era of 1991-1992, historic in that it was the era of the give ear of the USSR and the independence of the Warsaw Pact nations and the former Soviet countrys, saw the Belorussian state declare independence from the defunct USSR and develop its ingest institutions, school principal among them was the ministry of defense force. Several issues presented themselves first, about half of the Belarusian republican troops was of Russian descent, and second, that thousands of Belarusian troops were serving the former USSR in countries abroad.The pertly formed independent Belarusian governance then implemented programs that re-Belarussianized the arm twitchs and brought those expatriated soldiers home (Global Securit y, 2008). The structure of the defensive structure ministry is non civilian, and in fact, a major issue in Belarusian governmental culture is the means by which the purely military aspects of the Ministry and its civilian contacts could be regularized. But at the moment, the undefiled staff of the Ministry are provide officers. Currently, the pastor of refutation is Col. Gen.Leonid Maltsyev (appointed 2001), and he is support by a general staff that includes the following offices the chief of staff of the armed forces of the republic, the deputy minister, a ministry dedicated to armaments and acquisitions, then Logistics, army overleap and lastly, the air command and the air defense. As Belarus is landlocked, thither is no nautical force. The structure of the Ministry in terms of a chain of command is that the Defense Ministry is a part of the Council of Ministers, itself directly under the President of the Republic, currently the wildly popular Alexander Luksahenko.The G eneral staff serves directly under the Defense Minister, and under him bear the land, air and support staffs in a sentiment of equality. Fin eithery, under the land forces stand logistics. Hence, the doctrine here is that Logistics and strategy stand under the land army, while the air corps follows orders. Hence, the equality amid land and air forces is theoretical only. The tradition of the ministry is that land forces should predominate, and air forces act as an auxiliary to them. The mentality and culture of the Ministry follows a very specific doctrine. Its main points are the followinga) that the ministry is dedicated to a labyrinthine sensed cooperation among states. in that respect is to be strict neutrality in terms of power blocs, and cooperation will not follow and specific ideological bent, but what serves the representation of the ministry in terms of the defense of the republic. b) that this ministry will never es evidence to acquire atomic weapons. c) that it operates in accordance with a strict equity with another(prenominal) states ( military machine Doctrine, 2009). In addition, the Military Doctrine of the Republic is an important source for the basic functioning of the Ministry.The roughly interesting elements of this more or less bureaucratic document are the conditions that must prevail for the military services of the republic to respond if the republic is threatened. The document itself calls this the political-military blots that permit the usage of armed force in general, but are obviously applied to Belarus specifically. Hence it is a sort of a moral blueprint where force can be used, though it does not specify the amount of force in separately case. These are a) the lack of effective political mechanisms to solve political problems.b) frugal imperialism , that is, the desire for advanced countries to use their economic and political clout to operation minuscularer and weaker states c) the domination of a few major po wers over the resources of the testicle d) the development of new technologies that threaten the typical military balance in the world e) the use of propaganda to overthrow states (in other words, the use of a controlled media to evade public opinion over and above normal democratic channels) f) the habit of ethnic groups in order to force a volatile situation (Bases, 2009).Needless to say, this official doctrine of the defense ministry makes perfect sense given the small size and vulnerability of the republic. Belarus is a part of the non-aligned movement, which brings the Ministry of Defense, hostile Affairs and the government activity into regular co-operation. Since Belarus has regular treaties with Venezuela, Russia, Vietnam and chinaware, the indemnity here is to co-operate fully with the president and the exotic ministry in developing a non-aligned movement that seeks to alter the current uni-polar disposition of global power.Hence, the Defense Ministry is following directives flummoxd by the presidency and the extraneous Ministry in developing a place in the world for smaller, weaker powers who seek to create a power balance with the west rather than take on the west dominate them. Hence, the Defense Ministry has adopted a defense insurance policy that is all in all in line with that of the presidency, the council of ministers, the contradictory ministry and the spirit of being in charge of the defense of a small country. Lastly, since Belarus economically is one of the most dynamic countries in the world, the funding of the military forces has never been an issue (IMF, 2009).The fall of the USSR meant that many of the Russian forces in the Warsaw Pact countries were approve office into Belarus, leading to a situation where Belarus was one of the most militarized countries in the world. President Lukashenko sought to reduce the number of forces, end conscription, and hence, reduce the communication channel of the armed forces on the b udget. Today, the armed forces are a fraction of what they apostrophize in 1992, leading to a smooth relationship with the finance ministry and the presidency. Thus, in conclusion, the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Belarus is a model for the developing world.It seeks no political power, since it already is directly represented in the council of ministers and the ministry itself is run by uniformed officers appointed by the President. It cooperates fully with the foreign ministry in developing a military doctrine in line with the non-aligned movement. It seeks a balanced co-operation with the world and a reduction in the number of two nuclear and conventional weapons systems in world politics. It has been steadily reducing its cost to the ministry of finance, leading toto say the leasta smooth working relationship. The Defense Ministry of RussiaThe structure of the Russian Ministry of Defense is largely civilian. The Minister himself is Anatoly Serdyuvkov, who, significan tly, was a former tax official under Putin. However, immediately under him is a uniformed officer, Gen. Nikolai Makarov, who was the former commanding officer of the Siberian military district. This is significant for one major reason, it is the post that places the Russian armed forces in direct connection and communication with the Asian powers, curiously china. Under the Minister and General Makarov, there is a First substitute Minister and a States Secretary for Defense.Under him is a woman, Lyubov Kudelina, who is in charge of the relationships among pay and Defense. While the Minister himself is a former tax official, Mrs. Kudelina withal worked at Finance and was deeply involved with tax collection. It would be say that at the fall of the USSR between 1990 and 1993, tax collection almost completely bottomed out. The money and institutions for collection no longer functioned, and taxes were reduced to justification money from the local criminal gangs. Vladimir Putin, financed by oil money, reversed this trend.Hence, there should be no surprise that two major figures in the defense ministry have little military experience, but were both close to the fiscal and taxing apparatus (Senior Officials, 2009). Under the Defense Ministrys Finance representative lies, not surprisingly, the chief of armaments, the chief of Logistics and another deputy minister. Since logistics and armaments procurance are costly productions, their subordination to the finance representative is no surprise. This structure seems eminently rational. It builds in inter-agency cooperation within the Defense Ministry itself especially within the important financial end.What is more important, however, is how the agency views itself, its mission and its role in the government. homogeneous in the Belarussian case, the Russian Defense Ministry, in cooperation with the presidency and the ministry of finance, has developed a comprehensive understanding of itself in the world and i n the Russian, and post-Soviet world. First and foremost, earlier any other consideration, the Ministry of Defense makes it clear that its number one priory in the defense of Russia is to maintain a high level of deterrence. It seeks to defend Russia by making any attack on it of painfully high cost.After this, assail readiness is the next priority, and within this priority is the fantasy of high mobility. revive and the efficient use of resources is a major part of the Russian defense strategy. It is cheaper and more efficient to maintain small numbers of infantry, but backed by the highest in technology in terms of missile defense, the air corps and intelligence (Development, 2009). After this, trey elements come into play first, the nature of high-technology weapons, the war on terror and the protection of the environment.This latter even has its avow office, under a General trained in economy, General Alevtin Yuruk in a rater unique arrangement where his office interfaces with the rest of the Russian government to loosen up funds and manpower to repair any environmental damage caused by the action of the armed forces, and most importantly, the safe memory of the nuclear stockpile. After Chernobyl, the environment is more than just a sweet slogan, it is a matter of life and death (Environmental Protection, 2009). But by from the above strategic considerations, there is another, moral, sense of Russias defense ministry and its place in the world.The fall of the USSR do it clear that the Russian Federation was to represent its mission, its identity and its interaction with the outside world. Hence, the ministry has, in communication with the past three presidents of the post USSR world, created a moral sense of itself, one based on the following ideas a) the creation of a democratic planetary order where a few major powers do not control the worlds resources b) force can be used only with the express liberty of the UN c) forces worldwide should b e decreased to a minimum and used simply for defense d) to create the infrastructure for Russias new mission as a major powere) external cooperation necessary for the war on terror, drugs and mafia activities f) co-operation, not confrontation wit the USA g) Asia is the future, and hence, building strong ties with China and Vietnam become of paramount importance (Global Cooperation, 2009). Several conclusions can be drawn from this. First, Russia clearly sees its defense role as a vast power, not as a second tier force. Second, it seeks to create an international order based on equity, around the security council of the UN and its decisions where Russia has a veto. It sees China as central to its future security.And, lastly, it sees China, or more specifically the Russia-China impress Cooperation Organization (SCO) as a means of equilibrise its relations with the US, NATO and the EU. Hence, balance and cooperation over confrontation seems to be the theoretical grounding (Global Cooperation 2009). The mission of the Defense Department in Russia is mirrored by the two other agencies (other than finance, which are intertwined deliberately), the brass and the Foreign Ministry. In a speech go out January 18, 2009, Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov laid out the foreign policy goals of Russia, and these contain in the following ideasa) the rebuilding of the financial system fo the dry land on a more democratic basis. The Russian government has made clear that it is the asymmetry of the system that caused the meltdown,. Too more than mon3y in too few workforce, both in terms of stats and individuals is the cause of the meltdown. The post-World War II system needs to be dismantled and rebuilt on an equitable basis. b) The coloured recognition of the independence of Kosovo and the US/Israeli support of Georgian intrusion against the Ossetians prove the need for a real democratic world order, not one controlled by the US and its few allies.Russian intervention to repel the Georgian invasion of Ossetia (who voted for independence and union with Russia) was meant to help create the infrastructure for a new international order, since Georgia would not have invaded had the US guaranteed diplomatical support. c) Lavrov states the era of national egoism is over. d) he seeks what he calls a polycentric world order. e) and, as seen above, cooperation with the EU is as important as cooperation with China. China is not mentioned in Lavrovs speech, which is significant (Lavarov, 2008).On the other hand, the foreign policy concept of the Russian Presidency stresses China far more than the EU. Medvedev makes the claim that China is a major, if not the major, priority of Russian foreign policy. Polycentrism is again stressed, and again, that the imbalance of the world financial systemtoo much money in too few handsis the cause of the recent meltdown. Lastly, the foreign policy ideas of the new president seek to establish strong environmental standard s, dynamism security and a price structure that is fair and steady and that all economic growth be environmentally sustainable (Medvedev, 2008).Several things derive from this par there may be a coalition of defense and Presidency against the foreign ministry over the issue of China. While it remains that President Medvedev and the Defense Ministry treat China as the number one priority (and several recent summits between Peking and Moscow over military matters reflects this), Lavarov seems to intend that the EU should have this role. However, these agencies seem to have more in parking lot than anything else, and these commonalities should be taken as basic ministerial policy Russia as a spectacular power, polycentricity, economic democracy and basic international equality.Conclusion par of Belarus and Russia in Defense Policy It does not take a sense datum to figure out that both Belarus and Russia are responding to American pressure and military adventurism. Both countries are threatened by American expansionism in both the economic and military spheres. Hence, their defense ministries reflect this. And of course, since Russia and Belarus are politically and ethnically connected, as well as unguarded to American pressure, their defense policies will overlap in several areas.However, the size differences of Russia and Belarus will also be the cause of some differences in policy, especially since Belarus makes no claim to vast power status, but in fact, would like to see the concept of great powers disappear. The main similarities of the two defense departments are their stress on international equity and polycentricity. The world order should reflect diversity in nations and interests, not the domination of the US and its allies in world politics and finance. Both ministries would like to see drastic reductions in the arms of the world, and arms to be used solely for defense, not for offense.Both ministries see a balanced foreign policy as central t hat Asia should be used to balance atomic number 63 and Europe to balance the US. Both Belarus and Russian military brass are visiting China and Venezuela on a regular basis, and both countries have signed arms deals with Peking and Caracas. Needless to say, this is a means of balancing US hegemony and the US involvement in Iraq, Africa and the Balkans. It might be surmised that the Belarusian ministry is purely military because Belarus is small and very vulnerable. Hence, the military forces must have direct access to state power in order to act quickly.This was made especially important when threats of invasion came from the McCain presidential camp. The Russians, less vulnerable to assault and attack, can afford some space between civilian and military personnel, though the second in command of the ministry in Russia is the chief of staff. It is curious that the Minister of Defense for Russia has little military experience, but much financial experience. This suggests that the mi nistry really is designed to interface with the rest of the government to create an integral policy, while actual military decisions are in the hands of the second in command, General Makarov.This sort of interfacing is certainly a good enough beginning for further research in this field. References This paper used loosely primary sources in its construction. The most important were On Belarus (www. mod. mil. by) Ministry of Defense. Administrative Board. Belarusian Defense Ministry Portal. 2009 Ministry of Defense. Legislative Basis. Belarusian Defense Ministry Portal. 2009 Ministry of Defense. Military Doctrine of the Republic of Belarus. Belarusian Defense Ministry Portal. 2009 Ministry of Defense. The Bases of the Military Policy of the Republic of Belarus. Belarusian Defense Ministry Portal.2009 International Monetary Fund. The Republic of Belarus and the IMF. Executive Board Consultation, 2009 One collateral Source Global Security. Ministry of Defense of Belarus. In D efense Policy and Programs, 2008. (Globalsecurity. org) On Russia Ministry of Defense. Development. In Military Insight. Published by the Russian Ministry of Defense, 2009 Ministry of Defense. War on Terrorism. In Military Insight. Published by the Russian Ministry of Defense, 2009 Ministry of Defense. Global Cooperation In Military Insight. Published by the Russian Ministry of Defense, 2009 Ministry of Defense.Environmental Protection In Military Insight. Published by the Russian Ministry of Defense, 2009 Medvedev, Dimitri. Strengthening Dynamic confederation with the Asia-Pacific Region. In Articles of the President of Russia. (Kremlin. ru), 2008 Lavarov, Sergei. Transcript of Remarks and Response to Questions by Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs Sergey Lavrov at Press Conference on 2008 Foreign Policy Outcomes. MFA, January 16, 2009 Ministry of Defense. Deputy Minister of Defense for Financial and economic Issues In Senior Officials. Published by the Russian Ministry of De fense, 2009

History of Caura River Essay

The Caura area was once an Arawak firmness and it lay in the valley along the Tacarigua river approximately five miles jointure of the eastern main road. When the British captured Trinidad in 1797, orderteen lots were pronounced along the river area. This represented a strip that began from the Caura Valley entrance and tip right up to the head waters of Tacarigua River. This distance covered became cognize as Caura River. The location and climate in the fold area current of air to the inhabitation of settlers who initiated the cocoa and coffee estates in the region. The valley was one of the healthiest localities in Trinidad. In 1943, the government and Sir Bade Clifford acquired all the land in and nigh the village of Caura in order to build a decameter to impart the entire north of Trinidad with water.The plan was to dam the Caura River and construct a tierce hundred acre lake in the village area. In 1946, all the buildings and people were clean and workers began to lay foundations of the dam. No further work has been carried out on the dam and all that can be seen are remnants from this project. After this, there was an endeavour to make Caura and aesthetically pleasing putting surface. Caura recreational park is situated in a central portion of the Tacarigua river valley in the St. George County east which is an estimated nine kilometers from the Tacarigua town on Caura Royal road.The park is approximately one and a half hours away from Port-of-Spain and almost an hour away from Arima. change conditions of Caura Royal Road has led to easier access to site hence to a greater extent visitors. Vegetation is not unique but is important for water mould management and aesthetic reasons. Vegetation is mostly secondary growth. It is estimated that 60 % of the park area is formed by natural vegetation. However, cultivative species such as the Diptoryx ordorata(tonca bean) and calabash pipe are common. Bamboo is withal plentiful and is planted in ri parian zones for ricer cuss stabilization.The vegetation and the present ecological factors encourage a diversity of wacky life. There is a presence of many forest ornamentals and fruit trees payable to agricultural estates. Mammals present include agouti, lappe, deer, armadillo/ tattoo, opossum, manicou or porcupine. Birdlife include parrots such as the common orange winged parrot and the yellow headed parrot. There is also a population of the blue crowned motmot. Organisms include guabine, tata, cascara, cray fish and mountain crabs. Reptiles and Amphibians include tree frogs, the common iguana and three of the four types of roughshod snakes. These are large coralsnakes, Mapipire zanara and mapipire balsian.

Philip Gefter

In the world of art, the scenegraph has convention ally been used to spend a penny original subjects that memorandum and reflect cultures as accurately as possible. However, in Philip Gefters essay, Photographic Icons Fact, Fiction, or Metaphor, Gefter channelises out that, rightful(prenominal) because a photograph reflects the world with perceptual accuracy doesnt mean it is consequence of what actually transpired. (208) What Gefter is telling us is that it is that the ordinary true numberity of the image is non what is important the metaphoric truth is the significant concomitantor.What makes photojournalism essential is that it helps show us how to view the world in an individualized right smart. It is, essentially, a public art, and its author and importance is a function of that artistry. From the war photography of Mathew Brady (who was known for pitiable dead bodies to create a scene) to Ruth Orkin (who directed a secondment shot to capture American Girl in Italy , when the first real shot was not to her liking), Gefter underscores that, although these shots argon not the unedited version of life, this was life, just in a more courting fashion.Gefter does not feel these photos argon historically invalid. In fact, he believes that they are proof of facts in real time, moments in history brought to the present. (208) Seldom are photojournalistic efforts important primarily because of the fact of what they show their informational value is minor. Such is the case of the 1956 United Press supranational photograph of Rosa place sitting at the front of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama. For many years, we were led to believe that this photograph was interpreted on that famous daytime.It was not until many years later that Parks revealed that the photograph was taken over a year after the day she refused to give up her seat on the bus. The power of this photo resides in the image itself. In general, how much of the value we place on a photographic image is based on whats actually in the photograph, and how much of it is based on what were told about the photograph? The photographer isnt trying to cheat us by being unsatisfying in some way to history Rosa Parks did scribble a revolution by sitting in the front of a bus while a white man sat keister her.The photograph is powerful enough to take us back to that famous day. It makes us feel as though we are stepping onto that bus, fancying up to see a sight not seen before. Although it may not oblige been taken as the moment happened, it gives us an understanding. The manipulations that attended the creation of this sketch are invisible, superficial elements. The amount of manipulation that will deprive a photograph of its value depends on the level of value we assign to it.We love some photographs because they are images of a fact or time in history, others are compelling because they capture an aspect of the human condition, and yet others appeal to us because they poin t out to us something beautiful its shake and exciting to be reminded that the world can be good and charming. altogether three of these perspectives ring true for the Parks photograph. She is an icon herself her story is a force of history. She helped define human condition for an entire race of lot and bolstered the Civil Rights Movement.And it is, without a doubt, a quiet, beautiful tale of a kind, modest woman who wanted change. As Gefter asserts, Here is a staged document that has become a historic reference point (214-215), the power of this look-alike hangs on the basis that this is life. All photographs are subjective viewpoints. At the around fundamental level the photographer has decided where to position the camera, what is in or not in the frame, and when to take the shot. It is most certainly one of the reasons why not everyone who owns a camera is a photographer and not all photographers are the same.The real value of the art of photojournalism is its way of tell ing us the truth about that moment in time. Whether or not the photo was staged means little if it served its purpose. And the photo of Rosa Parks perfectly served its purpose it invoked emotion and made us feel as if we were there. sometimes fiction tells history truer than nonfiction. Photography is an art it is an illustration of a point of view, or concept. Photography is story telling. Photography is history. Even if they were orchestrated, all of the photos Gefter discusses in his essay are historical documents.They represent a certain way of life, of thinking, a set of beliefs that the people that com pose them held dear to them. Would anyone think little of a beautiful portrait just because the people in it posed for the artist? Art has a truth in itself. There are no lies in a work of art, because it is the observer who gives them value, meaning, and content. We need to be just more thorough to decipher the hidden truth. And that where lies most of the upheaval of the be auty of a work of art a brief look into past, in the development of the analysis of their hidden messages which are different for each and every one of us.

History and Memory Essay

To what extent has textual form wrought your accord of report and storeho engage? In your response, make compass pointed reference work to your prescribed text and at least whizother link up text. The textual form of the song of Denise Levertov and the recount Pure Torture by Tom Moe has shaped the commentators understanding of fib and shop to a great extent. magic spell tale is represented generally as objective, impersonal, factual and static, retrospection is represented as subjective, personal, fragmented and fluid. Techniques applied by the composers are consistent with forging these representations.A c get examination of the texts indicates that storey and entrepot are unequivocal concepts, yet they are also ii elements which work together in an interdependent relationship to make a participate of truth. A close study of A Letter to Marek virtually a Photograph shows how history and memory are some(prenominal) distinct entities, but that they work togeth er to create a more(prenominal)(prenominal) bonk representation of the truth. The poem provides a representation of the houses history as static and objective finished the adjectives used to describe the personal create wooden angles and fretted gables.However, the composers memory of the context of the home plate provides a place filled with anxiety and worry through the use of the pun in fretted gables, and the metaphor ornaments glowering on the lathe of supposition and trust. While the physiological photograph disgraces in a cumulation of adjectives the carpentered, un painfulnessted, agedness house in some w defecatee ghetto, Levertovs memory records the stirred up context of the inhabitants of the house in the personification of the building the brooding sheath of anxiety and waking and sleeping.Thus, ones understanding of history and memory as 2 distinct besides interdependent elements in recording the truth has been shaped to a great degree through a close reading of A Letter to Marek about a Photograph. Similarly, in A Time Past Levertov conveys the idea of history and memory being distinct but interrelated elements in recording the past. While Levertov records the wooden steps to the front door where I was sitting that break of the day as an historic fact, she intertwines the memory with the physical history of the steps.Human get wind is deeply involved in the history of these steps through the senses in the tactile, aural and visual imagery. She can feel their splinters, the quiet mortified by no bird, no cricket, and gold leaves spinning in silence. The human experience of emotion joy and love and cheerful, resolutionous are captured in the record of the past. Although the memories are fragmentary in nature, care the splinters, they ironically execute the history. This fragmentary quality is captured in the various anecdotes involving the mate and her little son who died, of marriage, of my son, and sitting alone or w ith my save.Although some memories may be blurred or faded over time or was it the second son who lives and thrives? The memories themselves do not lose their importance. While the steps play a significant place in terms of outcomes in Levertovs history, it is the memories involved with the steps which complete the record of truth, thus further enhancing ones understanding of the relationship surrounded by history and memory. In Thai Binh (Peace) Province refers to Levertovs film of the Vietnam War, both a physical and mental record of a past event.textual form is very important in conveying the difference amongst history and memory, thus shaping the readers understanding of the two concepts. The historical documentation includes the repetition of the plosives bombed. The cumulation nouns for buildings hospitals schools silk-factory help to convey the utter loneliness of the country. This is contrasted by Levertovs mental retreat to selectively photograph at bottom her dark sails of the river boats, fightm slant of afternoon light with the use of adjectives such(prenominal) as perched, relaxed to show her retreat towards peace within the long war.Levertov uses juxtaposition of the child with its feet blown off to the boy relaxed on a quietly grazing buffalo effectively to provide a more thorough, comprehensive and complete record of the historical event, rather than a colorful view of the history. She alludes to the history with the humanistic nature of her memory to make it more comprehensive. Thus, it is clear that the textual form of Levertovs poem greatly enhances ones understanding of history and memory being two distinct, yet interrelated, elements.The textual form of Tom Moes Pure Torture shows a clear distinction between history and memory, tour it presents the notion that history and memory are interconnected to produce a more complete representation of the truth of past events. The jump-person recount presented in chronological si ght is consistent with a recording of an historic event. Moe presents the facts of his five-year incarceration as a prisoner of war during the Vietnam War. As a documented memory, it presents a history, but with the added dimension of his personal perspective that only memory can provide.Moe exposit the horrific nature of the event, thus personalising it through the use of written detail and emotion giving a more blameless representation of the truth. The memory has been enter and published about 23 years after the events occurred. The graphic details of Tom Moes physical harm have been interpret in Pure Torture. He describes their skin which became waterlogged, looking comparable sick of(p) cheese, a crumbling coat of slimy flesh. The use of simile and metaphor emphasise the physical effects of the treatment, personalising and individualising the experience.The memory of how his body deteriorated similarly highlights the unusual human experience you could stick your finger into me up to your knuckle and institutionalize it out leaving a hole that would slowly fill with fluid, and I was shocked at how my body looked like a bag of yellowed bones. The composers intention is clear he intends to shock and fill the readers mind with his memory, and he is very successful in building images so that the record of history is far more accurate and comprehensive.A close examination of the documentary film Dear America earn from Vietnam stands as evidence that the textual form of media recording history and memory are intertwined in such a way that they pass by a complete record of the truth of an event. The historical record of actual footage of a soldier who has lost his foot, graphically details the mans pain when he is in the field Ive been hit (screams) Ive been hit Later, while he is being attended to by doctors, he describes the physical pain, Its that sharp nerve pain urning burning I contend theres not oftentimes left. I thought the social unit thing was going to come off. The witness to the event states Ive never seen such bravery and guts before You should have seen my brave men. It would give you goose pimples. This contrasts significantly with the footage the focus on physical pain is turned in to a focus on mental and emotional qualities. The letter writer is selective in what he wants remembered his focus is on the courage and bravery of the soldier, rather than the pain associated with it.It appears that the trauma is too close to be passed on to members of his family, and he is selective in what he records as his memory and what he contributes to their memory of the war. The footage of the night patrols is frightening, with bombardment in a montage of explosions, gunfire and fires in the jungle. The aftermath of a night patrol is recorded by a soldier who is called in to direct a body. He writes to his family Its going to be hard for me to write this, but by chance it will make me feel better there on t he circuit board was a boy is eyes were open. I couldnt really identify him. They told me his name Rankin. I cried. God, it cant be. But after looking at his face again it was him. It hit me like a shot. This was the first body I ever saw it was too much. I went out of doors and cried. It started raining at noon today it rained so hard. The letter writer has used his memory in a therapeutic way, much like Tom Moe did in Pure Torture and Levertov has done in much of her poetry. The metaphoric tears from heaven helps describe the emotional impact this event has had on the soldier.This letter shows how the event moves from historic footage of a physical event to an emotional human response in the aftermath of the event. Thus, it is clear that while the historic recording of an event may communicate the actual detail of the event, the human response to the event is vital in giving a comprehensive account of that event. It is clear from the close examination of Levertovs poetry an d Pure Torture and Dear America that the responders understanding of history and memory is influenced to a great extent by the textual form of the text.The representations of the objectivity and the impersonal, factual and static nature of historical record is complemented by the representations of the subjectivity and the personal, fragmented and fluid nature of memory. Techniques applied by the composers to create textual form are consistent with forging these representations. narration and memory are distinct concepts, but they operate together in an interdependent relationship to make a more comprehensive and accurate record of truth of past events.

Singing in the Rain

Singing in The rain Brianna Walsh The enjoyment of Singing and Dance in Singin In the Rain Singin In the Rain is a fantastic celluloid that shows the transition between silent bourgeons and talkies. This buck, however, would reach no impact what so ever if it were not a musical. The bounce in the movie gave it something different making the movie a classic, period the vocalizing gave the presumptuousness of the movie. Lina Lamont would be the first problem with a commonplace film. If the movie did not have singing, the impact of how bad her voice rightfully was would not be heard. The shocking shrill of her voice is re bothy the premise of the whole movie.To really be appreciated, Lina waited a little before talking in the movie creating anticipation in the viewers. Her lack of dancing abilities tho furthered her distance from the talkies and made the audience root against her. Kathy Selden really shined in this movie because of the singing and dancing. Her voice was fa ntastic and her dancing, especially paired with Don Lockwood, was cleanse than many audiences had ever seen before. Without these two aspects in place, Kathy would not have been as likeable and her position as the underdog would have affected how the audience viewed her.Don Lockwood swooned all the ladies in this film with his charming singing and amazing tap dancing. He was really the star, in my eyes, of both of the categories. He was impossible to look away from because of his complicated choreography with his co-stars. Don would be nothing in this film if not for the singing and dancing. His part in the film would lessen immensely and he wouldnt have made such an impact with the viewers. This film is a classic in American history solely because of the singing and dancing scenes. If these two things were not included in the film, it would have been baffled among other movies of the time.

An Analysis of the opening sequences of Luhrmann’s Essay

I deal Luhrmann repeated the prologue trey epochs to make people understand what was to come, because he did non wreak the last two lines which were In which if you with patient ears attend, What here shall miss, our toil shall undertake to mend. In other words, meaning that if you put one over not unders to a faultd this prologue they hoped their fr work onious work helps you understand it.The first time the prologue is shown is when the news reporter is on the news reading out the prologue.She has a modern American accentuate towards this precisely it seems as if Luhrmann has kept to the old Shakespearean language in any case, at that place is the picture of a ring in the corner. The sequence starts of with interference and thence it tunes in onto the news, then the news reporter starts reading out the prologue. To lay out it in media terms I would say the first few shots of the soar up in creating a lead up to the extreme adjoining up of the news reporter. I would say then that a medium close up was apply until the second time the prologue was shown. I think this adaptation of the prologue represents how important and how serious the meshing between the families is and shows the end of both extolrs likewise showing the end of the feud.The second time the prologue is shown, it shows a serious of pictures of Verona bound according to the lines of the prologue, which is now read by a man. Either, he treasured to make the prologue stronger by doing that or make a change to put down it stuck in peoples head. There are loads of composition cuttings but one of the newspapers shows both the families, which ends up in flames. It also shows images of two skyscrapers one with Montague on top and the other with Capulet also God (Jesus) is stand up in the middle showing, I think this shows that the feud might prolong gone to far and God has now stepped in to stop it. to a fault at the end of this both the families are shown with the other charac ters apart from Romeo and Juliet. In the Mise-en- injection of the completely said prologue, there were close-ups of the families, medium shots, long shots, birds eye view shots, etc.The third time the prologue is shown the writing comes up. In addition, there are a few scenes from the require later on, which gives us an penetration of whats to come.This start gives us quite a lot of insight to the film this gives us a head start to whats to come from the consentaneous film. In this interpretation, I think there were only quick shots apply to give an effect of how quick the story went.I think the listening might get a different feeling from each time the prologue because it shows different types of ways to express the prologue it shows the end, beginning and middle.In Act 1, background 1 the two families boys have a comical fight at a petrol station but it shows the first actual conflict between the families. The Montague boys go down to petrol station and to represent them th ey have loud rap music in the background, whereas when the Capulet boys arrive they have spaghetti western music to represent them so the director might be nerve-wracking to say that the Capulet boys are more than old fashioned and that the Montague boys are more modern.Luhrmann creates an atmosphere of many things in this scene but the main trio things are tension, worship and excitement. I first of all think Luhrmann created this by showing the anger between both families this both created tension and fear of one another, he done this by introducing the boys and slowly setting the scene up till both families started being rude to each other. both(prenominal) families show this by Body Language and Face Expressions. I think the Montagues though felt more threatened by the Capulets because when the Capulets appeared they suddenly had a champion of fear in them, which created quite a bit of tension.The following(a) thing was excitement this was that of the fight they were goi ng to have and because of the tension Luhrmann had created he had to even it out by using humour, I think he done this by using the tension he had already created. When he had one of the Montague boys licking his nipples to s motorcare the nuns and when he had one of the women in the car hitting him on the head with her handbag.I think he used a cowboy film clich, to make the scene more evoke and to make the fight presentable he used hidden regular(prenominal) cowboy props such(prenominal) as the flipping sign and music. But by doing this he has really stereotyped the western cowboy material but I am not trying to say that he is not doing what any other modern director does because they all stereotype in their films one way or another.I feel the open scenes to a film are most crucial and I found that the opening scenes to Romeo and Juliet were quite substantial, the scenes of the prologue were quite short but short of this fact, it was very informative. However, I think it was di fficult for Luhrmann to create the rest of the movie after such a good start but I think he done this during Act 1, Scene 1 by showing barely how terrible the feud was in this case I mean hurt people who are not even involved in the fight.I personally think that the targeted audience for this film is from people aged15 -30 years old as some of the violence would be too much for little kids, to take in and mostly the language and sense of this story would confuse them whereas if you showed it to an older person over 30 they would credibly be more interested in a calm love story with not so much violence.In my opinion, the opening scenes to this film were portrayed as an insight to the rest of the film. I see the histrionics of the prologues as a beginning, middle and end, but as the first act and first scene come up, I feel as if the unanimous film has started again but from a different angle. I also think that Luhrmann took on a great task and that was to re- enact Shakespeares greatest love story and I also think he done that well.

Youth Tourism

2. 3 offspring Tourism Youth tourism has been identified as one of the largest segments of global tourism, and is also seen as having considerable potential for future growth as student poesy rise and youth affluence increases (Buhalis and Costa, 2006). To cater for teenageder crop tourists, a quash of companies now offer surf safaris, generally a require bus which prompts along a mainland coastline stopping at hygienic-known surf breaks, with accommodation typically in backpackers and similar establishments.As surf becomes easier to learn, it seems likely that its popularity willing continue to increase in future generations. In regards to marketing, medical specialist surf tour operators in the Indo-Pacific region for example, market principally by specialist surfing magazines, specialist surf travel agents, and directly via the internet. Some solve at only a single location, whereas others offer tours to a all-embracing variety of different countries and destinations .Some surf lodges and surf charter boats sell their products through many different agents, whereas others cod exclusive agency agreements with particular agents in individual countries (Buckley, R. C 2000). According to Richards and Wilson (2003) increase travel participation by one-year-old battalion is being fuelled by a number of factors, including increase participation in higher education, falling levels of youth employment, and increased travel budgets through parental contrisolelyion, savings, and combining work and travel.The search for more enkindle and unique experiences, combine with cheaper long-distance travel, has also pushed youth travel ever so further towards the geographical margins of the travel industry. In 1995, the European Travel guidance published a study specifically dedicated to Europes youth travel market covering 26 countries. The study was fit out in response to a perceived neglect of the market twain by the travel industry and by government au thorities.It concluded that the 15 to 26 age group took around 80 million trips and make 100 million border crossings per year, representing a fifth of all supranational trips and around a quarter of all holiday travel (Horak and Weber, 2000). In a study of outbound travel of German, British and French young people, the WTO (2002) stated that outbound youth tourism accounted for 17% of all internationalistic trips in these markets in 2000, concluding that more and more young people are travelling abroad on holiday, to visit friends and to tudy, as well as for business (Richards and Wilson, 2003) In a study carried out by Tourism Australia (2008) Tourism Australia defines the youth segment as males and females, aged mingled with 18 and 30 years. They stated that the youth segment have information at their fingertips such as the use of technology, they are innovators of refreshed products and trends and accepting of change (www. tourism. australia. com Accessed 18/02/2011).When re sorts bring a large number of guests to a destination they become inverse factories, bringing customers to their product which has been pre-assembled and resourced for their usance rather than shipping the product out to customers around the world. Saveriades (2000 154) as citied in (Murphy 2008), notes in his survey of residents in Cypriot seaside resorts, that it has been widely authoritative that there have been changes in the lifestyle, traditions, social behaviour, and moral standards, especially of the young generation.One of the reasons residents make such correlations is that tourism is highly visible (Murphy, 2008). According to Hinch and Highman (2004) water supply sports such as swimming, surfing, water skiing, and diving hold strong aggregation for the youth market. In Peru, more than 20. 000 surfers are visiting the commonwealth both year, to enjoy the best waves of the country. Surf tourists to the area come mainly from Australia, the States and Brazil. There ar e a lot of surf schools and a young surfboard manufacturing industry and there is a connection between water-based sports, surfing and the youth market (www. urfertoday. com Accessed 22/03/2011). According to the UK Coast guide, surfing is a popular water sport which is growing in the UK at a rapid rate. It is estimated that there are now around 250,000 surfers in the country and the sport appeals to all ages and both sexes, not just the young but also the grey market. There has been a particular increase in female surfers, in recent years and there is a growing band of professional female surfers who compete in competitions worldwide (www. ukcoastguide. co. uk Accessed 22/03/2011).

Warren Buffet Case Study

The look study warren E. lash, 2005 produced by Darden Business Publishing provides enormous acumen into the investment and management style of legendary entrepreneur Warren buff. A clear examination and exploration of this aspect study provides a brilliant analysis and brainwave into how misfortune explores his investing and management doctrine in relation to companies much(prenominal) as Berkshire Hatha focal point and MidAmeri bottom Energy Holding. A compact of the depicted object study is as take ins Warren retort remains the close winnerful entrepreneur in recent history.His net worth is in the range of $44 billion and it is the result of tireless hard make into making right investment ratiocinations. This is typified by his management of Berkshire Hatha charge which turned erupt to be signifi sighttly successful despite umpteen misgivings by nay understanders that did non believe it would be a viable acquisition. The wise choice of Buffets involvement in Berkshire Hathaway is evidenced by the amazing dish up of the company over a three decade period. The stock was of pocket-size value in 1977 and in recent years it has grown enormously.The holdings of Berkshire Hathaway demand also grown signifi thronetly making it a company to rightfully keep an eye on. Buffets success with this company can be considered the mystify method in which e very(prenominal)(prenominal) companies should be managed. The success of this company re bears Buffets overall investing doctrine. much(prenominal) a philosophy entails seeking away undervalued stock that has vast potential to grow. This philosophy is based on a number of theories which including examining economic reality as opposed to chronicle reality realizing time is the most important assetWarren Buffet Case hit the books 2 associated with any stock adventure retentiveness an eye on the cost of lost opportunities measuring performance by a wee-wee in intrinsic value and not accou nting profits examine risk shine holdings avoid emotions and hunches in investing understand the alignment of agents and owners. Many may such approaches are as well simple. To a degree, they are. However, they are also very effective as the condition never fails to point out. Such a routine is further deckd in examples present in various other Buffet ventures detailed in the article.Hypothetical ventures are presented in order to illustrate the investing, management, and psychological strategies and methods that Buffet is cognise to employ. Balance sheets from MidAmerican Energy Holdings are offered. This provides a clear examination of what such a company holds and how it expects to perform in order to succeed. The Buffet paradigm is examined in light of the information presented on the balance sheets. To great interest, the Buffet Acquisition Criteria Sheet is included in the paperwork used to illustrate the various steps in the growth.What makes this further interesting is that it provides a anomalous psychological insight into the way in which Buffet operates. As unpaired as it may sound, the acquisition gives insight into the moral run agrounding of Buffet. He seems to be an individual that runs an h geniusst and legitimate argumentation. Such an approach helped Buffets success quite significantly. subscribe it a model all entrepreneurs should follow. Warren Buffet Case necessitate 3 II. ) Relation to classify Material The interior(a) teleph nonpareil line analysis of the sideslip study relates in many ways to material that was presented in the class.A brief overview of components of the gaffe is presented in this section. Analysis go outing follow in the third section. Two of the major(ip) areas covered in class as they relate to a business are profitability and commodious stipulation planning. This becomes evident in the case study through exploring the general steps that Buffet takes with all of his business ventures. (Although in this case, we are looking mainly at Berkshire Hathaway and MidAmerican Energy Holdings. In terms of profitability, on that point is a desire to succeed via a long term strategy as opposed to any short term market gains. Or, more than accurately, any potential perceived gains.The hypothetical present in exhibit 4 covers the mental picture that a company pass on not pay dividends on profits. Rather, it will opt to reinvest the dividends. Commonly, many businesses will look towards the payout of dividends as financially attractive. However, by reinvesting the dividends, it becomes oft more possible that the long term success and growth of the business can be more effectively maintained. This is because adequate cash reserves are manage into the business for those cycles where losses may be inherent. Additionally, the growth of the company is gain groundd which may potentially increase its overall value.This, in turn, raises the potential for increased and heighten profitab ility as a result. This would be considered among the approach that follows investing activities plans. Such an approach may be Warren Buffet Case hear 4 frowned upon by some but it does possess great benefits as evidenced by the Buffet approach. Ultimately, to launch any reliable venture designed for long term impact, there needs to be a clear understanding of the value of the firm. This requires an analysts approach to what would be the best way to approach the operations of the business as they relate to future investing.There can be both insider and outsider investing analysis busy. In the case study, you could say that an insider perspective is employed since the Buffet model for investing and managing is employed and not particularly deviated from in any manner. This was, ultimately, a positive decision in the realm of Berkshire Hathaway since the company proved to be stunningly moneymaking beyond most expectations. In order to truly gain an insight into the Buffet methodo logy (and any venture for that matter), one needs to gain a proper and effective insight into the financial statements.From this, a dampen and more logical understanding of the business might be procured. When one examines the holdings of Warren Buffet, a greater insight into his investment and managerial process is revealed. While we do not see a complete and inwardness insight into the strategies he follows, we can see an overview of where his interests are and how he seeks to diversify his holdings. That alone opens the door for a greater understanding of the overall process that is at work. III. ) Critique of the Case Warren Buffet Case Study 5 This particular case does have a great many bes to it.It truly does give a valuable insight into the internal process that is employed to effectively run a business venture. When one takes into friendship that great success Warren Buffet has had over the years, it would be full to say that understanding his methodologies can prove h elpful. This is illustrated through an analysis of the internal operational methodologies of how Buffet handles his managerial acumen. Unfortunately, we do not see much new in the case study and that can be problematic. But, the case study does present a detailed insight into some of the more commonly known motivations Buffet employs.It is also important to point out that no one can completely duplicate the processes that Buffet follows. not everyone is Warren Buffet and the need to tailor various components to suit ones own needs is certainly advised. That said, the material presented in the case study does present the valuable and viable food for thought that bud entrepreneurs will find of great value. But, unfortunately, not much new ground is detailed in the case study. The case study gains much merit by detailing the many facets of the Buffet approach. The material is presented in a logical and orderly fashion that makes it very easy to comprehend.The problem with such a presen tation, however, is that there is a slight inference that one should follow the Buffet approach to investing and managing without deviating from it. This can be an absurd notion if followed to the extreme. Different investors will have divergent styles of investing. Different companies come with different levels of interwovenity. Political, economic, and even environmental factors all come into Buffet Case Study 6 play and these can have significant impact on the way in which a managerial process is undertaken. The case model also follows a concept of low risk.This is not to say that there is a decided warning against taking any risk. However, it would be very safe to say the theories presented and discussed in the case study provide an insight into a very Warren conservative investment and management strategy. Again, this is not an inherently bad approach. Many entrepreneurs are fall in suited to such an approach. But, not everyone is. Those looking for riskier and more volatil e ventures would probably be better served examining case studies that are closer to their own individual styles and paradigms.This is not to say one approach is better than the other. They are different approaches and one need to look towards those methods that are a better match. Overall, the case study can be considered an excellent and effective one that provides the proper look into the way in which Warren Buffet operates. (The case study is not presented in a cursory manner. Overly brief analysis can whiz to inaccurate conclusions which would undermine the overall value of the case study) The clarity of the presentations allows for a deeper insight into the entrepreneurs methodologies.Such methodologies are finely detailed in a series of financial analysis tables, charts, and hypothetical scenarios that further promote a better understanding of Buffets ventures. Considering the somewhat complex nature of Buffets holdings, the clarity of the organization deserves many accolade s. Furthermore, the case study may be dated for the year 2005 but it will have timeless value since its presentation into a simple further effective strategy is so well thought out and detailed. Consider that among the greatest merits of the case study overall. Reference Darden Business Publishing. Warren E. Buffet, 2005. University of Virginia.

Importance on Computer in Education Essay

This chapter provides the take ining that is relevant to the study. It includes foreign and local literature taken from the internet, some studies that were give the sackvass by the researchers. This chapter also includes some information taken from books, online newspaper and online articles. A. orthogonal Literature History The unsubdivided and Secondary Education Act of 1965 allocated bullion to bring new technology into schools, including calculating machines. In 1975, Apple computing device prototypical donated figurers to schools, and by 1981 didacticsal drill and practice programs were disciplineed.By 1996, many schools were rewired for cyberspace add togetherition. Importance of Computer in Primary Schools The use of computer education in both public and private schools provides schoolchilds with the technology readinesss required for college. Students in elementary schools begin acquirement the appriseonicals of computer use in kindergarten Computer in p rimary election schools usher out expose savants to additional resource, such as online encyclopedia, dictionaries, government-sponsored educational sites, take awaying games and online tutoring. In the future, computers go forth play an compensate bigger part in the bothday school agenda.Experts predict that the meter is coming soon when the instructor will be mainly a facilitator of tick offing era children sit at computers and complete the majority of their circle work, homework and special see to its. Uses of Computer in Primary Education Computers argon becoming common place in school as aid to acquisition. Children butt work on an individual basis or in pairs at a computer. Some schools place computers in the schoolroom, others locate the computers in computer labs. They argon apply in reading, writing, mathematics, science, and neighborly studies instruction.Some programs teach keyboarding. When children use computers to learn mathematics, the computer ser ves as a tutor, a tool and a tutee. Computers in the classrooms can be used as direct educational tools for online attainment or can reinforce previously taught skills. For students struggling with specific skills, in that respect are many games that can be played online to serve as learning interventions. The teacher still guides the process, but it is more student-driven than before. Research * Students in primary school can use computers as sources for reports.Because of online encyclopedias and magazines, children have introduction to media that may otherwise be unavailable to them. * Elementary school students learn how to use a computer for research, as healthy as what websites should be trusted for accurate information. Lists of educational sites are a lot printed out for student use at home, and aid further geographic expedition of engrossing area matter. Educational Games * Children can use computers for learning that is fun. Thousands of websites offer interactive g ames in all subject areas.These are excellent for reviewing and reinforcing skills the teacher has introduced to primary students. academic Intervention * Teachers can help students struggling with specific skills by downloading activities and orient them to each students learning style and level. Computers cannot replace a teacher or tutor, but they can augment their ability to advert the needs of the students. Assessment * Teachers can use computers to provide testing materials for their class. They can find the textbook publishers online resources or connect with a community of teachers virtually the country who share ideas and materials.Class Records * Teachers can maintain student stigmas, promote contact information and other relevant information by with(predicate) word-processing programs or membership to online record-keeping software at little or no cost. Benefits of Computer in Primary Schools Computers are used in almost every classroom in the country. Some teache rs only use email and check book features, but computers can offer many benefits to teachers and students in primary grades (kindergarten through grade 6). Computers in the classroom are not fair(a) there for fun or something for kids to do when their work is finished.Now the computer can supplement the curriculum. The computer hold outs a part of the class work. Its not a substitute for the teacher but a well-knit help oneselfant. Many children are able to understand fantasys when they are presented on a website that relates to their life in some way. Computer-assisted instruction offers teachers and students another avenue to learn the required academic material. Educational computer programs are available online, at computer stores or through textbook companies. Stick with programs that are easy and hold your students attention.Make sure the programs are at the correct grade level. Decide if you want the computer program to supplement your lesson, practice basic skills, or assist in teaching a new concept and make sure it does just that. For Students * Computer-assisted instruction provides differentiated lessons for varied levels of learning, including students with disabilities and invest students. Students are able to work at their own pace while receiving instant feedback which enables them to self correct before moving on to the next skill.If a student answers incorrectly, the computer programs will provide instructions to assist the student in correcting their work. The programs are interactive and students can work individually or in groups. This allows them to compete with their individual stacks or the scores of the students within their group. Students also gain valuable computer skills which will handle to benefit them throughout life. * Students can use digital painting programs to warp photos or develop icons for classroom charts.Word processing programs can retort crossword puzzles or word searches, and primary school students ca n create graphs using mathematical data. Using the Internet, primary school students can access photographs of great art, listen to important recordings, research topics for reports and communicate via email * Elementary school students learn how to use a computer for research, as well as what websites should be trusted for accurate information. Lists of educational sites are often printed out for student use at home, and aid further exploration of interesting subject matter.For Teachers * Teachers are better able to track their students strengths and weaknesses through computer-assisted learning. Computer programs can enhance the lessons and allow teachers to pick different levels of a program or different programs altogether for students who may be tardily or students who are advanced. When students are learning and actively involved with learning, teachers will have less behavior problems in the classroom which in human action sets up a cycle for more learning to take place.Com puter-assisted learning benefits teachers by allowing them to work with small groups of children on a particular skill while the other students in the class are working on their computer program. The nature of the program allows the students to work independently minimizing distraction to the teacher while she works with the other students. * Primary school teachers can blow ones stack lesson plans by incorporating digital resources using computers. Disadvantages Students can become bored and discontented if computer programs are overused.Computer programs can evaluate students progress on many levels although it is the teachers responsibility to make sure students develop critical thinking skills which are essential to solve problems encountered throughout life. overly much time spent learning through computer programs can also reduce time students spend interacting with each other and their teacher. This can result in less time for learning appropriate social skills. Computer-a ssisted learning can be a great asset to the classroom and curriculum as long as they are not overused. withal much of any mode of teaching can lead to tedium and frustration in the students. Use good judgment and find computer programs that enhance the learning process. B. Local Literature Technologys collision on Education Computers and the Internet technology have revolutionized the field of education. The splendour of technology in schools cannot be ignored. In fact, with the onset of computers in education, it has become easier for the teachers to render knowledge and for the students to grasp it.Computer technology is used to add a fun-element to education. And it goes without saying that the Internet has endowed education with interactivity. The process of learning in the classroom has significantly become richer as students have access to new and different types of information, can manipulate it on the computer through graphic displays or controlled experiments in ways ne ver before possible, and can communicate their results and conclusions in a variety of media to their teacher, students in the next classroom, or students around the world.The success of technology in the classroom generate awing results for students, including improved achievement higher test scores improved student attitude, enthusiasm, and engagement richer classroom content and improved student retention and prank placement rates. This is brought about by software that can be used to render information to the students in an interactive manner. The visual effects provided by the animation and presentation software result in inviting greater interest from the students. Tablet Used for Educating Young.MANILA, Philippines La Salle Green Hills and electronics and digital media leader Samsung Electronics Philippines passel (SEPCO), take learning to a higher level as they buttoned up for the schools eTextbook/personal Learning Device (PEARL) project, a pioneering program designed to make use of the digital word as the new vernacular in the classroom. Now in its pilot phase, the project utilizes the latest tablet PC technology from Samsung as a Personal Learning Device distinctly driven by digitized curriculum materials.

Gothic Story Essay

The advancing darkness overwhelmed his senses and the fear of the night crept upon him. long- blank screams beyond the unavoidable forest settlemed to draw him towards the tall trees ahead. He fearfully entered the overpowering forest, after a few footsteps in, the trees surrounded him at each angle and there was no escape. The journey had to continue, there was no routine back promptly. The scattered leaves and twigs crunched below his feet as he advanced march on into the colossal forest, his nose was conquered by the dominant scent of burning timberland and mud.The whispering footsteps of wild beastly animals seemed to be following his every motion, whence the sudden roaring wind threw him off chemical equilibrium and he plummeted to the install with a colossal thud. He rose to his feet immediately and a place ahead of him he could see the moon light fighting finished the dense trees. He proceeded in the direction in which he was primarily travelling in. After a while of walking he became conscious(predicate) that the night was at its peak and nothing exactly death could be compreh hold on.He fearfully darted as rapid as he could and at present the presenting of the forest was near, he cleared the utmost(a) of the trees, and he was now out of the mighty forest. In front of him stood an isolated castle, he sceptically approached the mammoth cast iron gate that towered far above him. The supply had commodious rusted chains securing them, al single they were not locked. He heaved the gates with great difficulty and managed to open a small gap that he was able to squeeze through.The gravel in advance of him seemed disturbed as if someone had already past over it recently, he go along in any event and the gravel crunched beneath his feet, the old cold stone castle was in front of him. He approached the huge rotting wooden doors, which were wide open and he slowly entered the vast hallway, a mighty bash was heard behind him, he spun slightl y and realized that the doors had fastened.The hallway was smash, with a dusty aroma, it was decorated with ancient wallpaper and rotting furnishings, it seemed as if the place had been toss out years ago and any previous owners are long dead, but judging by the size of the doors and gates the people who lived here must(prenominal) have been humongous. He progressed deeper into the ancient castle, he could hear dripping echoes around the corridor he had entered, the smell changed it was now a disgusting rotting smell as if something or someone had died in the area.Further forwards he saw an object hang in the centre of the corridor in the distance but he could not tell what it was, the smell had become much dominant as he continued it was becoming unbearable, he reached the hanging object and to his disgust and astonishment was a mans outgrowth dangling from a piece of wire tied to a tube above his head, the leg had already begun rotting away but a lot of flesh still remai ned, it appeared as if the leg was chopped of by a butchers knife or an axe.He had now reached the end of the corridor and was gradual at the top of a dark spiralling staircase, he desc finish slowly but fearfully into the darkness of the staircase that was slowly absorbing him, ineffective to see anything but his feet and the step he was treading on he would be unable to tell how many steps he would have to descend. Trusting himself he gripped onto the railing at one side of these stairs and went down one step at a time, he had descended masses of steps, he must have been going down for at least half an hour. at long last some light began to creep in as he continued downwards he could now see the vast remaining event of steps beneath him begin to reveal themselves. He touched the walls for balance as he descended they were as cold as ice. At last he discovered that the never-ending staircase was coming to an end. He reached the net step and felt a mixture of relief because the journey had ended and yet he was nervous as to what lay ahead. At the end of the stair case was a poorly lit mode that was damp and dirty.There was blood everywhere all over the walls and a huge puddle where he was standing. In the centre of the room he arrange a bleeding man tied to a small wooden chair with thick ropes. In the mans leg a large butchers knife had been wedged deep into his flesh. The room was empty except for a large steel door at the back of the room. The door swung open and a giant man with a huge blood soaked knife stood at the door complete(a) in shadow.

Birth of the Republic

The birth of the linked States is one of the turning points of annals of humans. It enabled the New World to come in force(p) circle and make the doubtful transition from the Old World to the New. The American Revolution in addition delineate the role that Great Britain was to play in the world. With the breaking away of the American colonies, a new nation was born(p) that would supersede the power and cast of the United Kingdom. Edmund S. Morgan provides a summary of the American Revolution and recounts how the Republic was born and struggled to create its have got mark in history.Morgan managed to trace the historical developments in the original thirteen colonies in America and the issues that led them to push and take the field for independence. At beginning(a), the major issue was imposeation by the British government. However, as they went on with the struggle, the Americans started defining themselves as a nation and affirmed their immunity as a people independen t from Great Britain. These ideas did non bring up because of amazing political theory that the Americans in the colonies formulated. Rather, they arose out of the experiences and the pauperisations of the people in the colonies. The American Push for IndependenceAccording to Morgan, the people who went to the colonies understood themselves to be salve Englishmen who were entitled to the usual rights and privileges ascribed to Englishmen, particularly their right to independence and freedom. As such, it came as a surprise to those in the colonies when Sugar and Stamp Acts of 1764-1765 demanded that extra tax be taken away from the colonies. As a response, the colony settlers demanded that they be directly represented to the British government. This was just now the first of a serial publication of demands that led the colonial settlers to redefine and rethink the nature of their relationship with Britain.It is strategic to note that the colonial settlers did not truly wage th e Revolution because of chauvinistic impulses or because of too lofty ideals. What they wanted was to have equal rights of liberty and representation enjoyed by Englishmen whether they are in Eng orbit or not. Because the colonial settlers could not accept the idea of being represented virtually, they rejected the taxation system being imposed upon them. More than that, the settlers also began to question the jurisdiction of the British Parliament over them.The process of establishing a central government among the colonies was full of difficulties and challenges, which were confounded by the war against Britain. Even if the colonies managed to defeat the British, the colonies recognized the need to band unitedly and form a government that can flavour after the colonies. Four years after signing the Peace Treaty, the colonies called for a Constitutional Convention in 1787. The process was far from smooth. What happened was that the process tended to be more controversial than th e act of declaring freedom from Great Britain.Several issues that arose included the coat of the states and the differences among them. Surprisingly, however, the equality of states in representation to the Senate was prioritized over the equality of men. The reality of thralldom also became a contentious issue among the States. Ironically, a slave was considered as three-fifths the worth of a free man when it came to representation. This was a compromise so that slaves could not longer be imported after 1808. Private stead was also protected. The idealism of the Declaration of Independence did not resound truly loudly in the Constitution.Such was the case of compromises and political situation during the Birth of the United States. Morgan managed to highlight the different motives of the leaders of the Revolution throughout the processfrom the first time that the issue of taxation arose, down to the actual revolution, and the writing of the articles and the Constitution. This hale process occurred within twenty-five years. Morgan also looked into the leaders of the Revolution and conceded that they were not always acting based on good motives and an appeal to idealism. They also worked for economic gain and they managed to include provisions that protected their properties.During that period, the ownership of land was the foremost indicator of wealth. However, these acts do not mean that they are no less committed to the ideals of liberty. The compromises made by the colonies among themselves, particularly the issue of slavery, was but part of the issues that were not smoothed out because the Constitution had to be order in place if the young nation were to stand on its own against the might of the stronger nations during that period. Conclusion Although the war during the American Revolution is interesting, Morgan did not trust a lot of pages in discussing it.Rather, he explained the broader issues and forces at work in the birth of the United States of America. More than just the dynamics of the war, the author traced the ideals, the ideas, and the issues that bonded together the colonies and their efforts in consolidating themselves into one nation. Furthermore, the author included the texts of important documents that have shape the American nation since its inception. It is an amazing piece of work documenting the nations history. Reference Morgan, E. S. (1993). The Birth of the Republic 1763-89. Chicago University Of Chicago Press.