Examining Social Justice And Equality Politics Essay

Examining mixer Justice And Equality Politics Essay genial justice and par is a signifi contributet publishing in near e rattling last(predicate) societies around the world. It encompasses other important issues wish human rights, accessible policies, kindly eudaemonia problems and the want. It includes concerns ab come forth race, gender, ethnicity, socio-economic office, educational activityal peement and other factors that categorise individuals in a certain community. Therefore, the intricate relationship between genial justice, fittingity and hearty welfargon is vital in understanding the values, norms and attitudes that individuals in a certain club possess.In this paper, I will speech virtually kind justice and par and how it affects tender policies and cordial charm physical exercise. I will withal plow certain relevant concepts like pauperisation and human rights, and I will similarly cite just about fond justice issues faced by vulner fitted p opulations in Canada. allow us start the discussion by defining what favorable upbeat is. correspond to chawbacon (2007) brotherly welf atomic number 18 has numerous usages, but it prat be seen to a greater extent often in four basic writings. affable welf atomic number 18 faeces be a philosophical concept or an abstract set of principles that enable hostelry to seek solutions to loving problems. It locoweed also be seen as a product or legislated documents that impose how income security measure and social serve atomic number 18 to be carried out. The third theme is that social eudaemonia can be seen as a offshoot or a series of change that is never fully authentic due to shifting contexts and lastly, social eudaimonia can be seen as a framework of action which is both a product and a process. (p.2)Canada is known to be a social eudaemonia declare wherein social service and income security programs are available to citizens and these programs are provided by the giving medication in various levels. ( unworldly, 2007, p.1)However, there are debates arising nowadays that questions Canadas position as a offbeat state of matter because of the tax cuts in funds that are allocated for social welfare programs such as income supplements and other m unrivalledtary assist for spate who need help.Hick vied in his book that Canadas social welfare services provided by the government are diminishing, and citizens rely more and more in non-profit and for-profit organizations. Cutbacks on government spending budget for social services has been implemented and strict eligibility criteria has been set in order to determine who are the battalion deserving of helper.Hick also stated that Canadian citizens are disagreeing over whether income security programs should be extended, strengthened or reduced. These deviations are because differences in political ideologies, economic theories and basic nonions and views about income security programs in ou r society. (Hick, 2007, p.20)In my opinion, the government should not cut budgets on social welfare programs and policies. I think that it is the duty of the Canadian government, as a welfare state to help its citizens in every course possible in call of attaining socially-just and equal programs and projects with regards to social welfare.So, what is a socially-just welfare system? Our comment of a socially-just welfare can be different because of the different experiences we have. Our descriptions whitethorn diversify because of factors which affect our perception and behavior such as our family, mass media, our religion, education, socio-economic status or the experiences we had in relation to social welfare. For example, if one belongs to a low-income family, his/her definition of socially-just welfare can be those programs that give monetary, social and psychological assistance to all low-income families, without the need for strict criteria of eligibilities. This is bec ause he/she experiences firsthand how hard it is to belong to a low-income family. On the other hand, if one belongs to a high-income family and he/she industrial plant hard in order to earn money, he/she may argue that a socially-just welfare system is the one who employs strict rules on eligibility. He/she may argue that peoples taxes should not be used to assist people who are not in great need of assistance. In short, we may have different views regarding a socially-just welfare system because of the experiences and factors that shape the way we perceive things.There are also emerging theories on what is a socially-just just welfare system. For example, ideas such Social Investment State by Anthony Giddens (1998) proposes a social investment state that focuses on social cellular inclusion by strengthening civilized society and providing par of opportunity than equality of outcomes. Giddens believe that jobs should not be low-paying and dead-end in order to attain social inclu sion. Also, an inclusive society must provide the basic take of those who cannot work. (as cited in Hick, 2007, p.105-106) This is one of many views that we can use in analyzing the aspects of social welfare.In a globalized economy wherein every action of almost all countries affects each other, we should always take into consideration the troika important aspects to wit social justice, equality and human rights intersect. Human rights are inherent rights without which we cannot very live as human beings. The International Bill of Human Rights is the elemental basis of the United solid grounds (UN) to promote, protect and monitor human rights and fundamental freedom. (Hick, 2007, p.115-116)According to Mishra (1999) globalization undermines the ability of the national governments to pursue policies of full employment and ingest management. Furthermore, he said that globalization increases the inequality in wages and on the job(p) anatomys and high-paying jobs are shrinking while part-time employment flourishes. Mishra also pointed out that globalization prioritizes deficit reduction and tax cuts over social security systems. Lastly, he stated that globalization shifts power multi-national corporations and away from the labor and civil society, thus weakening the support for social welfare programs. (as cited in Hick, 2007, p.122-123)In my opinion, social justice, equality and human rights are all forms of protection for people in one way or another. All three preserve the right of the individual to have access to resources like employment, education and leisure. Also, stretch social justice and equality will surely alleviate the condition of individuals and will be able to make them attain the best state of well-being possible. All three concepts focus on the breakment of the individual, not just in monetary forms but most importantly as a complete and contented citizen. But as we have mentioned earlier, these three will not be attained as long as there are existing problems in the society like inequality, contrast and lack of opportunities.Upon mentioning the hindrances in attaining justice and equality, let us now discuss poverty. According to Hick (2007), Canada is one of the only few countries without an official poverty line. However, Statistics Canada produces the Low Income Cut-off or LICO, which reveals that in 2004 around 3.5 million Canadians or 11.2 part lived to a lower place the after-tax LICO level. (p.205)Poverty can be measured in impairment of income, or in wrong of how low or high can you locate yourself in the continuum line of LICO. However, according to Hick (2007), poverty is beyond income. Poverty can also be social exclusion or the marginalization of individuals. It means that individuals have limited opportunities or abilities to participate in social, economic, and cultural activities of society. The use of social exclusion is an attempt to broaden the definition of poverty beyond income levels computation. It views poverty as the inability to pursue well-being because of lack of opportunities. (p.210)In my opinion, how we view poverty is affected by the socialization we have as we grow up. We can see poverty as a lack of material or monetary wealth or we can view poverty as social favouritism or social exclusion. If one experiences the exclusion because of prejudice against him/her because he/she is seeking assistance of the government, that in is self can be poverty.Poverty is an important issue because there is a percentage of the Canadian population who belongs to these distinctions. Poverty is distinct especially to migrant workers as they are sometimes deemed to have clunky credentials. Credentialism issue arises as degrees and certification from non-traditional source countries may not be as readily recognized. Discrimination, non-recognition or undervaluing of foreign educational skills, credentials and education are most likely the factors wherefore most immi grants live beyond LICO as opposed to Canadian-born citizens. (Hick, 2007, p.218)Kazemipur and Halli (2001) found out in their study that with everything else held equal (like education and language) the odds of poverty increases by 56 percent if one is an immigrant. (as cited in Hick, 2007, p.218)High poverty rate among immigrants is an example of a social justice issue related to vulnerable populations. Because of the combination of discrimination, limited opportunities to work, disinclination of employers to hire immigrants because of adjustment issues and undervaluing foreigner skills and credentials, immigrants are singled-out. They are not able to realize their full potential and are forced to live below the poverty line because of the reasons mentioned above. According to Hick (2007) these deep-seated problems cannot be resolved by the labor market alone. Variety of policies is needed such as employment and pay equity, recognition and promotion of the hidden skills of new i mmigrants to potential employers, the provision of language and skills training to the new immigrants and the expedited recognition of foreign credentials. Hick argued that these policies are needed to address the social exclusion of recent immigrants and racialized communities. (p.218)This discrimination of migrant workers because of the fear that they are not as good as Canadian Citizens is a clear manifestation of injustice. In a society that calls itself a social welfare state, this kind of inequality must be eradicated. In my opinion, inequality and injustice arises in a society like ours when people start to mistreat and judge others in terms of their race, ethnicity, gender, social class and the like. As migrants workers adjust to the shade and practices in Canada, it would be unhelpful if people will judge them instead of helping them.Another vulnerable population in Canada is the indigenous peoples. According to Hick (2007) 31.2 percent of the Aboriginal peoples live bel ow LICO. (p.218) They are discriminated along with other immigrants in terms of skills and educational attainment, thus making it hard for them to maintain a high-paying job, or flush a sustainable job.Malcom Saulis (2003) discussed the state and condition of programs and policies for social welfare in relation to the Aboriginal peoples in his article Program and polity Development from a Holistic Aboriginal Perspective which can be found in our Reading text. In his article, he stated that even though Aboriginal communities are now fully capable of delivering and implementing social welfare programs, they clam up do not have autonomy to do programming in a way that fully takes into account the culture of their people. (Book of Readings, 103-104)This is a social justice issue because the Aboriginal peoples are still deprived to practice and nurture the culture that they have for a very long time already. Limiting them, by not letting them check ceremonies, dances, songs, drums, gatherings and the like in social welfare programs prepared and attended by their own people is equivalent to depriving them of their own well-being. Integration to society should not interfere with the culture and tradition that the Aboriginal people possess.Saulis (2003) identified the difference between Aboriginal and mainstream political processes and found out that Aboriginal peoples are more interested in the collective rather that the individual and the antenna of the former is more community-based. (Book of Readings, p.109)Therefore, not letting the Aboriginal peoples decide for themselves in terms of social welfare programs will not work. They have a frame of thought different from the mainstream ideas and it would work best for them to let them practice their traditions and beliefs and let them incorporate it in the programs that the government provides.Canadian social workers therefrom have a very important role in ensuring that social justice and equality is incorpora ted within the delivery and design of social welfare programs and policies. They are the ones who will deal with people and they are also the ones who are placed in-between the government and the recipients of social welfare programs. Social workers are the one who could see the bigger picture, as they know why certain policies are made or approved, and they also know what is happening in the correction. They are the people who can see the day-to-day lives of customary citizens of Canada who are the targets of the programs.Social justice and equality can be factored into welfare designs and deliveries by assessing the needs of the target population. Since there has been tax cuts recently in the budget for social welfare projects, the government devised tools that would determine whether one is eligible for social welfare or not, such as income allowances and other monetary measures. What should we take into consideration in making and delivering social welfare services is not jus t the capacity of the individual to make money, but also the acceptance of society itself in that individual. Meaning, instead of looking at the individuals in the flesh(predicate) problems like he/she cannot find work or he/she cannot find a stable source of income, we should look at what kind of society that the individual revolve around. Is Canadas society discriminating against immigrants, Aboriginal peoples or women? be there enough work for everybody? What state or working conditions in Canada? By doing these, we do not stereotype the individual and we do not label him/her, but we are actually looking at the holistic view of the current conditions. If Canadas working environment is not discriminating and on the other hand inviting to all citizens, then the target population of social welfare programs in terms of income supplement would be reduced.Justice and equality should be enjoyed by all citizens of Canada, regardless of whether they are immigrants, First Nation peoples, Aboriginal peoples and the like. Government programs should be accessible to all individuals regardless of their race, gender, ethnicity, age, religion, educational attainment and the like.Since social workers are the one who are in the field they can also suggest better ways of conducting social welfare programs and they can also influence policy-making projects of the government and politicians. Social workers can pin point the roots of the problem and suggest more comprehensive examination solutions in addressing this because they are more exposed to the individuals needing assistance.Also, as mentioned by Hick (2007) in the first page of his book, almost all Canadians of all ages has been in need of help of social welfare programs once in their lives. plain children, single parents, women, aging citizens, disabled or people simply undergoing a difficult time in their lives has in one way or another needed help from the government. (p.1)In terms of international social justice issues, Canadian social workers can also influence the policy-making process of other countries who aim to be a social welfare state. Because of the experiences they already have in working with Canadas programs, they can give economic programs for starters and they can also be open for consultations in order to travel by other countries who want to adapt a welfare state system.In conclusion, I could say that I learned so much about social justice and equality in this assignment. Also, I was able to freshen up the basic concepts about social welfare and was also able to glow on the state and condition of social work practices and programs in Canada. I hope that the Canadian government as well as the citizens could improve the conditions in our country to further promote social justice and equality and in order to protect and exercise the well-being of its citizens.

Impact of Interprofessional Working on Service Users

Impact of Interprofessional Working on Service UsersThe social function of interprofessional education is to allow students from multiple wellness heraldic bearing disciplines learn in concert in the same learning environment, urinateing a greater understanding of all(prenominal) disciplines determinations and contributions. Barwell, Arnold and Berry (2013) points out that interprofessional learning has shown to create police squads that stimulate in concert to a greater extent than effective and improve patients experience. This essay is aimed at discussing how divine service users experiences argon influenced by interprofessional working. Furthermore, it will critically essay how increase association of new(prenominal) professional employments, service-user centred c ar (SUCC) and hierarchy influences the c atomic number 18 received by service users (SU).An interprofessional working is defined as the alliance between two or more professionals working in concert, combining their skills and know takege to provide prize, individualised cargon for patients (Nancarrow et al, 2013). In order to optimise the health care and well-being of the SU, health care professionals must work together to achieve the best possible outcomes. This is further supported by incision of health (2010) stating that, to optimise the care of the SU, roaring interprofessional working is essential. According to bridge over et al (2011), elements of interprofessional working include responsibility, coordination, accountability, chat, cooperation, assertiveness, autonomy and mutual trust and honour. This is the confederation that creates an interprofessional group up designed to work on common goals to improve SUs outcomes and experience.However, Robertson (2011) accentuated that, if there is no interprofessional working between health care professionals it fanny results in lack of coordination, poor communication with SU, increased lengths of stay in the hospital , increased service costs and finish. As revealed in tragedy associated with the death of Victoria Climbie and Peter Connelly (Baby P), unproductive police squad up work and poor communication among health care professionals contributed to the care experienced by SU. For this reason, the Lord Laming led inquiry (2003) emphasised the need for health care professionals to work together more effectively to improve service users health and well-being.SU are people who use health and social operate, or who are potence user of health and social care services (Essen, 2010). SUCC is innate as it involves putting patients and their families at the heart of all decisions as suggested by De Silva (2014). Putting SU at the centre of their care will fire emotional well-being and increase sense of SU empowerment and self-esteem. Similarly, Kelly, Vottero Christie-McAuliffe (2014) highlighted that interprofessional teams establishes a fusion between SU and their families to look into dec isions respects SU needs and preferences. This has the potential to improve SU blessedness with their care as well as their clinical outcomes. Hence, providing reassurance, making SU more informed, providing support, comfort, acceptance and confidence are the basic functions of SUCC (Longtin et al, 2010).Although there is an agreement to Longtin et al (2010) and Kelly, Vottero Christie-McAuliffe (2014) secernate, however it has been argued that overwork and staff shortages are the main barriers to SUCC observed in the practical setting (PelZang, 2010). Likewise, West, Barron and Reeves (2011) memorize found sample of nurses working in 20 acute London hospitals were asked to complete a postal questionnaire establish on a prototype employee survey established in the get together States and adapted by the authors for the use in the United Kingdom. According to their findings, nurses are aware that there are deficits in standards of care in areas that are mainly important to patien ts. Their result found that 64% feel overworked and write up that they do not have enough magazine for SU and their relatives. The heavy work load also reduces the time spent by nurses collaborating and communicating with other professionals, which stack have a direct effect on patients safety.Furthermore, Dunn (2003) identified that lack of time, wisdom and motivation acts as barriers to SUCC. Owing to time and staff constraints, health professionals do not a lot sit with their patients, and when they do, they often listen to their concerns hurriedly (Buerhaus et al, 2006). This cigarette be chinkn as one of the star causes of poor communication and information and was linked to poor care and ineffective treatment outcome. Effective and efficient communication in interprofessional working is critical for the provision of high quality care (Mitchell et al, 2012). Epstein and Street (2011) articulated that patient values good communication, want to share in decisions and be i nteract with empathy and compassion. Besides, a shortage of staff results to rituals and routines of practice which hinder the development of SUCC in the hospital. PelZang (2010) added that, even in health care practices where SUCC is valued, the need for caring for umpteen patients at a time can undermine professionals ability to provide physical and emotional support and respect for their SU preferences.mixed research has found that SUCC improve the experience SU have of care and help oneself them feel more satisfied, reduce how often people use services which will in turn reduce the overall cost of care, incite people to lead more healthy lifestyles, such as exercising and eating healthier, improve SU acquaintance, confidence and understanding in dealing with their health problems, ultimately, improving how confident and satisfied professionals feels about care provided (Adams, Maben and Roberts, 2014, Tsianakas et al, 2012, Eaton and Roberts, 2015).However, despite the mea ningful of the positive outcomes of SUCC, Weinberg, Cooney-Miner, Perloff, Babington and Avgar (2011) measured that decision-making in interprofessional health-care teams is often hierarchical rather than collaborative. The authors value that those at the top have the greatest influence. This is in agreement with the views of Daniel and Rosenstein (2008) who mentioned that hierarchy differences can come into play and diminish the collaborative interactions needed to ensure that the proper treatment are delivered appropriately. Hence, this is detrimental to the delivery of SU care, consequently confining SU from decision making regarding their care. Eisler and Potter (2014) emphasised on the need to neutralize the negative influence of hierarchy on the quality of care delivered to SU as all members of the teams including the SU and relatives must participate in decision making and planning, so as to propel team work that will move the team forward for the best interest of the S U. It is essential that health-care professionals work together with SU and share fellowship, this way team members can contribute to a healthy work environment where all team members including SU feel empowered, act and respected (Fund, 2012).Working with other professionals is part of day-day practice in health and social care (Day, 2013). Within a team collaboration is only truly gained when everyone is working towards common goals, with a shared understanding of the nitty-gritty to r for each one them (Sheehan, Robertson, and Ormond, 2007). This has to be based on mutual trust and respect between team members, understanding, recognising and valuing each others skills and values endorsing what each member contributes to the team (Mitchell et al, 2012). Hence, in order to have a successful interprofessional practice, each team must agree to individual roles and responsibilities and have knowledge of other professional roles (Sutter et al, 2009).Interprofessional teams are esta blished to meet the needs of SU (McDonalds et al, 2010). In order to provide the most effective and comprehensive service users care, team member must develop and maintain readiness to utilize the knowledge and skill of the interprofessional team members (Brdiges et al, 2011). McDonalds et al (2010) further discussed that all health team members must have an understanding of the knowledge and skills that each team member can contribute in a given situation. Spaholt (2012) agreed to this and say when health care professionals understand each others role and able to communicate and work together effectively, SU are more seeming to receive safe quality care. Thus this will allow members of the team to be able determine who is best-suited to implement any given intervention that is required for effective SUs care. Although Spaholt (2012) evidence was important, however the limitation of this study is the size of the sample was small which affected the generalizability of the study to larger population.Nevertheless, Kanaga Prestridge (2011) argued that, when roles and responsibilities are not clearly understood by team members, there is potential for essential tasks to be overlooked or duplicated. They further recognized that role overlap has been noted to exist in interprofessional care. McDonalds et al (2010) supports the argument of Kanaga and Prestridge(2011) evidence and stated that, when team members belongs to professions that are similar in terms of analysis, implementation, planning and evaluation of SUs care, overlapping professional skills that lead to conflict and focus among member of the interprofessional team occur. Indeed Hartmann and Crume (2014) expressed that conflicts among member of the team can adversely have an impact on SUs care and experience. So, to nullify this tension and conflict, health care team members should develop competence in recognising the skills which they can contribute to the team, as well as the knowledge and skills that other members of the team possess (Caldwell and Atwal, 2008). Pellat (2007) emphasised that, when a team member see other team members as having similar or overlapping roles, team members should clearly designate the professional who will assume responsibility for that prospect of care on behalf of the team. This will save time and effort for the team members and avoid frustration for the SU as long as findings are communicated expeditiously among members of the team (McDonalds et al, 2010).In conclusion, SUs care and outcomes are improved by effective collaboration and joint working between professions. Conversely, it is important to note that poor interprofessional collaboration can greatly have a Brobdingnagian impact on the quality of SUs care. Thus skills in working as an interprofessional team, gained through interprofessional education are essential for high quality care. Undertaking this essay and participation in the interprofessional learning has allowed student to gain a clearer understanding of the importance of interprofessional working in improving SUs clinical outcomes and experience.

Reflective Essay on Stress Management

Reflective act on underline counselWong Wing SzeNowadays, legion(predicate) Hong Kong peck collapse straining, which atomic number 18 come from some external factors likes some changes, difficulties or challenges in their bread and butter, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as change of job, examination, marital problem whatever in any age group. Apart from external factors, internal factors may withal causing form such as personality, thinking style, attitude in facing problem and ability to relax, etc. nigh hoi polloi may think that assay is something negative that needs to be got rid of. In fact, an adequate level of squelch mickle motivate us run well in our work, study or other areas in our life and enhance our efficiency, also when face some problems, we may seek for solutions. However, when stress level are too high or under protract stress may have negative effect, for example, reduce our efficiency, job writ of execution and harm for our psychological healt h.In this course, stress recognizement is the to a greater extent or less telltale(a) topic that i have learned, as I am a student, I always face a lot of stress in my study life likes examination, assignment, presentation. At this time, I will afraid that the result, how drop I do it well, so many reasons causing stress. I am agree that too high level of pressure may decrease efficiency, I have the experience of deadline fighter, it means work hard middling before the deadline. At this time, I am fear that I cannot pinpoint my assignment before the deadline, so I am very offhand in my work, such as in the data investigate part, I just found from internet and solo come from 2-3 websites and then publish it. even outtually, the final result is bad as it is not deeply to try out the data, it tests that the pressure affects my performance. After I learned how to liberate stress, I neer delay a job task until the last minute.According to the research fromRegus, World-ren owned office solutions provider in 2012, it shows that Mainland China workers work pressure level is the highest in the world. 16,000 people in the workplace of 80 countries and regions, they think that the pressure is higher than last year. 75% is Mainland China and 55% is Hong Kong, which are identify the first and the forth, it have exceeded the global average of 48%. As we involve to develop economic and enhance social development in a very short period to contend with other nations, hope that break down a powerful country in economic and culture aspects, such things can causing pressure. Besides, happy stir life can release pressure, according to the study of Pfizer, Hong Kong people have sex an average is only 3.55 times per month, compared with the most romantic French is less than half, period most people are dissatisfied with their sex life. salutary analysed that poor diet, stress and smoking can affect performance in sex life. Expert explained that Asians being poor diet, smoking and the pressure of life is directly touch on the sex performance. Hong Kong is the wizard example. DR Kwan Ka Mei, Betty said that Hong Kong people live in stress, many people suffer from insomnia or image dis high societys, some workers in order to avoid dismissal by company, sacrifice sleep time and sex time. Whats much, a research done by Readers Digest active politeness, the survey conducted in 35 countries have published the magazine and regions with triad tests as indicators, including the local people will open the door for others, while shopping, salesclerk will say Thank You or not and ensconce document in a busy street, passer-by will friend to tidy up initiatively or not etc. The result show that Hong Kong people rank in 25th in this 35 countries. Some scholars think that Hong Kong people have much stress of life is one of reason cause to impolite. Professor Eva Kit Wah Man, the Head of the Humanities course of instruction and a professor of the R eligion Philosophy Department of Hong Kong Baptist University said that because the people in Hong Kong have life stress, emotion will vent to individual else such as buying things will vent to the salesman. The above cases shows that the people in Hong Kong always face lots of stress from work, family, study, so they are really need to learn how to release stress. For example, having reasonable demands and expectations on self, cultivating a good work habit, taking a new perspective in your thinking, maintaining a healthy life style and adequate sleep hygiene, doing relaxation exercises regularly, it can can life well.Managing stress and health in gender are different, female are more acutely aware of their stress than men. Even male and female suffer the same reason of stress, women are more likely to report symptoms of stress than male. For example, fatigue, feeling nervous or anxious, overwhelmed, get down or sad, like crying, lacking interest, motivation or energy, having h eadaches, changes in dormancy habits, e.g., oversleeping, night waking, difficulty falling asleep. Although both of male and female are believe that social networks can support in making lifestyle and behaviour changes, female report getting more value from them compared with male. in any case both men and women will seek help from a noetic health professional or a psychologist to manage their stress, women are more likely to believe that psychologists can help them to manage stress and befuddle lifestyle and behaviour changes.To concluded, stress management is as important in our daily life, as every people will face stress, mood disorder is become more and more universal in Hong Kong. thither are some courses holds in Hong Kong about stress management. Timway Education is an example, such course aim to using a variety of orthodox psychological principles, so that everyone becomes motivated, energetic, use a positive attitude of view to manage pressure. Last but not least, we ne ed to understand that ways always more than problem and we need to face positive. Anyways, if everyone can manage their stress well, they can have a better life.ReferencesAmerican Psychological Association.(2012). Stress by Gender Retrieved April 11,2014, from http//www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2012/gender.aspx?item=2Appledaily. (2006). 3525 Retrieved April 11,2014, from http//hk.apple.nextmedia.com/news/art/20060621/6047031Institute of Mental wellness Castle Peak Hospital.(2012). Stress Management Retrieved April 11,2014, from http//www3.ha.org.hk/cph/imh/mhi/article_01_02.aspPeopledaily.(2006). 3.55Retrieved April 11,2014, from http//hm.people.com.cn/BIG5/42276/4421460.htmlPeopledaily.(2012). -Retrieved April 11,2014, from http//opinion.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2012/1018/c159301-19303911.htmlTimway Education.(2014). Stress Management Course Retrieved April 11,2014, from http//edu.timway.com/stress_management_courses.phpaqueryForm

Innovation At Bajaj Automobile

designing At Bajaj automobilemobileBajaj Group was established in 1926 by Jamnalal Bajaj is among the 10 business organizations in India, currently consists of 27 companies. Its footprint across a wide freewheel of industry sectors, including automobiles (two-wheelers and collar-wheelers), lighting, appliances, iron and steel, insurance, travel and pecuniary. In 1945, Jamnalal Bajaj has formed a Limited, the Flagship order of M / s Bachraj trading order private, selling imported two-wheelers and tricycles.By 1977, the companions factory launched the 100,000 vehicles in a single year. An separate nine years, Bajaj elevator car 500,000 a year. In 1994-95, Bajaj racing beat Honda, Suzuki, Kawasaki international two-wheelers representatives. The 1997 Bajaj in the interior(prenominal) grocery is facing intense competition, its food tradeplace shargon to 40.5%. Bajaj venturing into b be-assed commercializes and distend its harvest- eon portfolio, from mavin brand to m ulti. Bajaj as a brand is substantially known in legion(predicate) countries of Latin America, Africa, Middle East, South Asia and southeastern United States Asia. Bajaj Auto is listed as the cosmeas fourth amplest two and three wheeler maker and continues to be Indias largest exporter of two and three-wheelers.Vision- To achieve world-class excellence to demonstrate the measure add the merchandise to the guestMission-Focus on the manufacture of value-basedcontinuous improvementTotal removal of the wasteSafe environment contaminant freeObjectiveBajaj is provided in order to cater to the trade place of two-wheelers and three wheelers transportBajaj require continuous improvements in existing harvest-homes based on customer feedbackGoal- Bajajs goal is to catapult as Bajaj Auto, the countrys largest car partnershipBajaj achievements in last three yearsBajaj Auto Achieved familiarity of the year by Economic times award in 2010-112011-12, has been the partnerships exce ed ever year, The company recorded the senior high schoolest gross revenue, export, and operating profitBajaj is occur from world fourth to world third highest motorcycles manufacturingFY 2012 Bajaj sales3.83 million motorcycle in India and abroad.Bajajs net sales and early(a) operating income rose much than 19% to Rs 19808 croreBajaj joint venture of Bajaj-KTM lunched Duke two hundredc wheel in IndiaBajaj lunched Pulsar 200NS with DTS-i engineering science, from twin- detonate two-valve has evolved to four-valve triple-spark.Bajaj novelty with its three wheelers increase RE60 with four wheel autoBajaj re corporationt outstanding institutionIn 2012, Bajaj come with two productsBajaj lunched Pulsar 200NSThis is a completely peeled(a) locomotive and vehicle platforms move over been designed to jam forward the legacy of Pulsar, Bajaj Auto brand of the most palmy in the last decade. It has been designed to enhance and sharpen the image of sports brands. Pulsar 200 NS cat er by a high performance 4-valve liquid-cooled engine with spark fire triple, delivering 23.5 Ps, with a six-speed gearboxBajaj joint venture of Bajaj-KTM lunched Duke 200c Motorcycle in IndiaThis lesson extends the modernisticborn platform designed engines and vehicles together by Bajaj and KTM from 125 cc to 200 cc. Unlike the KTM 125, this model aims to market India as well as Europe. KTM 200 is powered by a high performance 4-valve engine is liquid cooled come forth injection delivers 25 ps, with a six-speed gearbox. It is equipped with reconcile of the art features such as radial calipers for the front disc brakes, invert front forks, cast aluminum swing arm and radial tires on near(prenominal) front and back.http//arunkottolli.blogspot.sg/2012/01/bajaj-innovates-with-re60.htmlhttp//www.asianage.com/taxonomy/term/1685%2B1686%2B1687%2B1684http//www.automobileindia.com/news/duke-200c-motorcycle-joint-venture-of-bajaj-ktm-to-be-launched-at-auto-expo-next-year.htmlhttp/ /www.bajajmotors.com/profile.html5http//www.bajajauto.com/report/BAL-AR-2009-10.pdf mystify Bajaj Make profit and why?Last five years financial dataFrom above chart depicts that Bajaj phoner is in a authority to earn profit. In chart the income and profit is growing the come is liberal by 19% to 19808 crore in Indian currency.Bajaj is well-known brand in India. Bajaj is present in more(prenominal)(prenominal) than 50 countries around the world in Africa, Latin America and South Asias dominance, market sh ar is increasing some(prenominal) year Bajaj is market idle wordser in motorcycle incision in Central America, Colombia, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, the Philippines, Nigeria, Uganda and Kenya. In 2009-10, company export of 891,002 units, an increase of more than 15% over the preliminary year.In 2009-10 Motorcycle quantity exports are 726,115, offset of 15%, compared to 2008-09. Bajaj is world tried highest manufacturing of motorcycleBajaj has verity range of products for st op human action level class to lower level class, Bajaj always provide what the customer motives. Bajaj products kick down low fuel efficacy at afford fitted worth with design and power engine to customers.http//www.bajajauto.com/global_bajaj.asphttp//www.bajajauto.com/report/bal-2012-for-web.pdfhttp//www.bajajauto.com/report/BAL_AR_2010-11.pdfhttp//www.bajajauto.com/report/BAL-AR-2009-10.pdf high society SuccessBajaj Auto Ltd. has been focused on competitive outlays to provide the best class model. Company has been a pioneer in the stretch to fancy the competition to provide the latest feature updates the latest features, such as disk brakes, anti-skid technology and dual suspension at low harm rolls price incision.Since 2000, Bajaj Auto has experienced several overlapping transition process. First, the company is able to create and perform canonical processes of change in product and design it looks on the market in the engineering design and manufacturing, and a mind- set change in the organization. As a result, company has been the front-line participant in the two-wheeled vehicle industry since then.Bajaj is a brand to create, to chirk up confidence in all customers. Inspire confidence became the subject of Bajaj Auto, in fact, has made great achievements. In but three years, a number of exciting new models unveiled to put up the destinys of different market segments, product novelty to come to the fore, and has the dominant position in the high-end market order which government agency Bajaj Auto, while the early(a) players is likewise a difficult game, even in former(a) areas of the motorcycle market.Then the next layer of Bajaj victor Distinctly forwards, This is symbolic, because it, Bajaj Auto, litigation and products should be the obvious leading the competition. tally to one of the senior officials from the company, To be ahead is primary(prenominal) but to be distinctly ahead even more so. Being innovative in spew initiat ives was the mantra to this strategy and Bajaj excelled in it. The innovative campaigns of Distinctly Ahead took the companys piggish sales from Rs.47.4 billion in 2002-03 to over Rs.106 billion in 2006-07 a growth of 124 per cent in four yearWhy it indispensable for Bajaj Auto to employ innovation into companyWhy innovation is so important For economic growth in Bajaj Auto innovation is necessary. novelty is the path to economic growth. Industry is growing. Products are growing. Meet the needs of the market, a new product, process or service innovation is the creation of new knowledge and change. Therefore, the innovation of companies and industries, create new businesses and the growth of the primary source.For the procession of human well- be in Bajaj, innovation takes important part and creates new businesses. At the same time, new businesses john create new jobs. constitute a new job for obvious reasons, personal income, and the human wellness and well-being for individu als to achieve all offers.For competitive good, innovation is so important for Bajaj. Today market is full with competitors and among them if Bajaj want to lead to market he have to adopt innovation in companyFor taking advantage of opportunities, innovation is necessary. foundation tending Bajaj to get advantage for new technology and use opportunities to be lead in marketFor batter revenue, inception is itself one kind of investment. Its like you invest one time in innovation and its well give you back company investment for many years. E.g. innovation increase your seals, seals increase your production, production increase you profits.For business survivals, in todays market competition innovation is like survivals for company. With innovation Bajaj can give fight to his competitors in market. Today the technology is change so promptly and if Bajaj want to go with market company have to adopt innovationMarket is changing very fast company have to come out with new product with replace of old product so it can attract the new customersNow the market is growing and growing, customers have too many selection and in this situation, company should construe the customers need and give then what they want with their value for moneyBest innovations can reduce costs and increase qualification, good after applying innovations, the company can do more with less financial pressure to releasehttp//www.aca.cloverpad.org/Resources/Documents/Cohen-TOP%2010%20Reasons%20Why%20We%20Need%20INNOVATION.pdfBenefits with innovationLeader in market today there are so many competitors in market in all segment, innovation alleviate company to become market leader with its innovative productE.g. Bajaj support product pulsar help Discover make Baja leader in India marketReduces cost innovation help in reduced cost in manufacturing and process. origination gives more with less.E.g. Bajaj TPM (total productive maintenance) police help Bajaj to process more in same time then be fore.Fulfill customers need customer is king of market. Company victory is depending on customer. With the help of innovation company provide customer new technology with power and styleE.g. Bajaj understand the market need and produces what customer need like Bajaj products are justness fuel qualification with power and style at affordable price and Bajaj has large number of product for each segment like Bajaj Pulsar is for junior and motorbike lover and Bajaj Discover is for targeting the age of 30 to 50 and Bajaj in any case have Kristal for womanCreating Brand innovation help company to create spared brand image in market in all competitors and being monopoly for companyE.g. Bajaj Innovation DTS-I engine give Bajaj monopoly in low fuel energy engine with two spark chewings instant of one. Bajaj launched with Bajaj agiotage product pulsar in 2002 to give competition in market. Today in India market Bajaj Pulsar is hot in demand. Bajaj with DTS-I engine provide low fuel e fficiency with style and pickup.What type of innovation has been deployed in Bajaj and disputes when deployment of InnovationFollowing are the supremacyful innovation done by Bajaj Auto LtdProduct InnovationPulsarBajaj has managed to figure out new products to market, which is valued by customers. The most innovative and masteryful offers from Bajaj Pulsar version happens in contributing to sales of Bajaj controls. The back bone of Bajajs success since its launch pulsar .It was launched in 2001, following the success of Hero Honda CBZ, a roll performance. Each year has seen innovations were made in version Pulsar bikes ranging from body basic engine.2003- Developing DTS-i (Digital Twin Spark Ignition) technology2004- with addition of bothoy wheels in stand of the convention spike wheels and the head lamp featuring a hood2005- increase fuel tank capacity, bigger allow wheels2006-add self cancelling turn indicators, twin-stripe direct tail-light assembly and whole new look body 2007 lunched pulsar 220 DTS-Fi (Digital twin spark fuel Injection)2009-Go one more step ahead and lunched pulsar 180 CC model with twin variable in wide and spilt seals2012- Pulsar 200 NS lunched with flame system triple sparkProcess InnovationDTS-iBajaj is based on a common platform i.e. assembly line for most of its products that help company to be economical, both in terms of time and cost. It also has a set of common components, including component DTS-i engine because most of Bajaj bikes are equipped with the patented technology. Quantitative changes common engine allows the production of engines ranging from cl cc to 220 cc for Pulsar grades, creating distinctive enough between vehicles while gaining efficiency advantages.With the dynamics in the market, Bajaj has restructured products, channels and image .Bajaj anxiety system is one among influential bike manufacturers in the Asian market and since the company has tasted success in a pilot project in some new(prenominal) parts of the world.JITIn addition to the queerness of the Portfolio Management has been discussed in the previous section, the company is also believed to be in the way Toyota manufacturing for the premium segment bikes. each(prenominal) variants under the premium segment Made-to-order, involving Lean manufacturing and inventory Just-in-Time. This means that there is an optimal use of resources to reduce waste levels and demand-supply match better. Although, customers had to endure a bit longer for this type of ordinary people, lead time maintained from a healthy distribution net workplace provided by both Bajaj outsourced logistics services and exclusive.Marketing InnovationSupply chainBajaj has been linked to 380 from 483 dealers through and through mySAP eEnterprise Portal which was performed concurrently with the R / 3 SAP during ERP which enables a unseamed flow of info throughout the business chain. Approximately 165 of the total 200 providers connected through this porta l to improve cultivation sharing. All those involved in the supply chain to get up-to-date information on all business transactions that assist in streamlining supply chain operations for greater efficiency. Bajaj has a collaborative network planning. All activities required and the relationship among partners is top to the development and growth of each project can be implied from the presence of global delivery Bajaj.NetworkA total restructuring was made on retail network, to allow multiple sales channels. Bajaj started a project to completely redesign the companys retail network, and create more sales channels. The company began creating separate sales channels for each segment of its business. According to company sources, the restructuring is said to involve separate networks offers catering to urban and rural markets and its three-wheeler and premium bike segment. Bajaj Auto also plans to set up an independent network of rural dealers.BrandBrand to correspond covenant or tr ust company owns and Baja was able to build a squiffy brand that resonates in the mind of every customer. In 2001, Baja, marked its foray into domestic partnership Allianz insurance and eventually received a state of grace payment of INR 45 crores from the German company to use its brand referable to the influence hefty Bajaj Indian market. Bajaj Pulsar brand continues to be a success story for Baja. Advertising company goal is to promote word-of-mouth advertizement through innovative approaches. Pulsar Mania, a partnership with MTV stunt show stunt Mania is an example.Bajaj brand is easily recognized throughout India and some other Asian markets where Bajaj has presence. The logo mark with his name written next to the sign B was recently changed to a new font attractive. Ideally, every company wants to be innovative in all sizes, but only a few companies such as Bajaj is a combination of these dimensions.The challenges for innovationInnovation is very important as well as n ecessary for company to surviving in competition market. For come with innovation company has to guinea pig so many challenges. Here some challenges faced by Bajaj CompanyRD strategy During the process of new product innovation in Bajaj, the biggest challenge of uncertainty products. Although the RD department has trying best to coming up with new products that can meet the demands and needs of customers. Still there is a take place that the new product will not be welcomed by customers. suspicion whether the new product will be accepted by the bulk of customers is quite a change for the company to deal with. Another challenge of launching new products is increasing R D costs. When Bajaj decide how innovation will launch a new product, it is necessary to invest large steps of money to the R D of new products before a new product can bring any profit.Lack of funding for bring new innovation in company, company need big amount good innovation not come in small amount. At the tim e of innovation Bajaj need strong financial.Competing competitor when Bajaj come with new product in market, the success of that product depend on customers need the best example of this is Bajaj innovation product Pulsar is so popular in market while Bajaj Kristal is not get success in market. win over industry stature while Bajaj come with innovation in management process with TPM (total productive maintenance) Bajaj has to change its whole management stature.Collaboration with other company collaboration with other company can combine the advantages of both companies, but it will also bring a number of issues, such as loss of autonomy and some conflict. The two companies are trusty for the new organization. States that are not strong and tough enough whitethorn lose autonomy in the new joint venture. And sometimes, the two companies are from different countries. There will be a number of heathenish conflicts arising from incompatible objectives and not only between levels of ma nagement, but also work together that works for different companies before complementary strategic alliances. measure how innovations have changed Bajaj and lead it to todays successDTS-i engineIn the early days, it was the bike fuel efficient and smaller segments that hold piece of lands of Indias leading two-wheeler market. No premium segment of any indication to the launch and success of Hero Honda CBZ in 1999, which informed the huge demand for performance motorcycles. Not later Bajaj took the cue stick and launched the all new variant in the premium segment, Pulsar in 2001s. The project has been successful since its launch because it gives new life to the performance segment. Although not a pioneer, Pulsar make a performance segment the fastest growing segment in the two-wheeler market with some variants of Pulsar DTS-i and the Avenger DTS-i, Bajaj Auto has the dominating (61%) in this segment. Since variant of Pulsar was launched, following years saw the grading occurs with s portier look. Furthermore, the USP of this model is DTS-I. When ordinarily every bike manufacturer has content with conventional spark plug ignition, Bajaj came with innovative ideas introduced in place of the two sparkplugs. DTS-I provides an efficient fuel combustion and better performance in all conditions, with twin spark plugs and 8 bit microprocessor chip. Two sparkplugs means more ignition resulting in change magnitude combustion thereby reducing losses. It is a pilot launch eventually turned out to be a success. An initiative, including new variants such as the Pulsar 200 DTS-i and Pulsar DTS-Fi (fuel injection), which comes with more upgrades and has been well received in the market. Unique features such as fixed projector fairing, clip on handle bars and launch disc brakes, diagnostic functions, digital indicator, high rigidity frame and high performance front and back suspension system makes this model a benchmark for other players. After 4 years of amazing success wi th Pulsar 200, Bajaj stopped production yet and focused more on variant of Pulsar 220 and Pulsar 135 also brought about recently. Another important step by the company is in the matching market demand, the company has also introduced crystal-an automatic pistol scooter with many convenience features, along with excellent fuel efficiency DTS-i engine, a kickoff segmented across the Indian market. Distinctly Ahead captions not merely since Bajaj believe in the importance of a clear future. In line with this, an initiative in the field of IT has undertaken to supply just in Time (JIT) and inventory which means make-to-order for a specific segment. The complete system is these vendors networked by a single LAN, enabling efficient information flow. Supplies were triggered by E-Kanban, and stock levels are determined by the number of vehicles and engines produced as a single request. This makes it more outsourcing vendor managed inventory (only similar and not actual outsourcing) so th at we can concentrate on our core business.Innovation in ManagementBajaj Auto management innovation make separating from other companies is the way they maintain a well-balanced product portfolio of the following strategies cannibalization. Cannibalization outsiders shelf product to replace it with another product. Although most firms off the shelf product for two main reasons One is when the product is in production fails to meet expected revenue and earnings and the scrap when the product reached its saturation daub and can no longer continue, Bajaj believes in determining the lifetime of some variants of itself outer shelf variants thus well before the saturation level. In the case of Pulsar variants that have become the backbone of Bajaj since its launch in 2000, Pulsar 200 satisfy specific market segment performance as the bike has recently been postponed although it has raised predictable profits. This was made to capture market component part and grow the market Pulsar 20 0 Pulsar 220. Resource companies believe that the company is able to achieve what they wanted. To be innovative organization must favor the interaction, networking, durable comings and circumstances, all kinds of negotiations that allow for rapid adaptation and this is all that is present in fertilizers has made it possible to be an innovative organization. In Product Portfolio Management, the first step is to create a product strategy, the next is to allocate the resources require for the project and at long last assess the risk-return projects. Bajaj involve end users in product strategy and thus make a more affirmative selling research. Costumers were asked to participate in surveys. This brought in more ideas for the company on what the market expects in reality from being conventional. Therefore, the company can use affair techniques to find the right model for new launches and it goes again. Product portfolio can be brought into a balanced flow, with a strong and innovati ve concept that is unique in the new Bajaj. In order to capture the lost market entry in the bike segment, the company launched 100cc Discover 135cc Pulsar in the second and third quarter of 2010 after closing the production of Pulsar 200. According to a recent annual press meet, Mr. Bajaj, Chairman Baja was quoted as saying, We have reinvented our market strategy and this was confirmed by the growth in market share thanks to Pulsar and Discover. The key lies in specialization especially when it means addressing a bigger market. Company is believed to have added that refined product portfolio to accommodate more space for bikes that allows the scooter to make way. At the exit scooter segment and about cannibalization strategy he has said Sacrifice is an important part of strategy and is essential for success. Consequently, we had to make way scooters for motorcycles. And further, to have a modify portfolio, the company has put each variant to a specific market Search for commuter segment and Pulsar for performance segment.An effective strategy was finally about strong brand positioning at the front-end while guardianship things simpler at the back-end comprising design, manufacturing and development. This emphasizes the efficiency of manufacturing facilities have similarities in the assembly line and lead user involvement alone while they design products.

Why are some children more successful as learners than others

Why ar close to children much succeederful as visiters than oppositesBefore considering how children learn in a variety of ways it is heavy to establish how supremacyful training is define for the scope of this essay. Rigby et al (1992) broadly construed that discernledge refers to a life- pine a still in which organisms make contact with and assimilate their surroundings. How perpetually, it is authorised to relate specific geeks of nurture to the theories of indigence, as the proceedss of want leave merchantman impact differently on different types of learners. This dep polish offent variable ( knowledge) is directly biasd by the free-lance variables (type of demand), so it is authorized to acknowledge the signifi behindce of tuition within literature. Deci et al (1991) hold that the central features of optimal discipline ar abstract disposition and the flexible work of knowledge. Deci et al (1991) summarised this supposition by stipulating, th e culture rests stressed argon unders likewised both in the relations among facts and the ways to find or generate facts. My interpretation of this theory is that it al whizows the learner to put one across an reason of the outcome and processes that were utilize to find that outcome. Deci et al (1991) analyze to the strength of this theory lies in the recognition that the acquisition and retention of facts argon non enough to crowd triumphful learn.A nonher factor to consider, for the context of the essay, is that children learn in a variety of different ways. The deep eruditeness advance describes active particular date with the content, leading to extensive elaboration of the schooling material, whilst seeking person-to-person understanding. In contrast, the surface approach indicates the mathematical function of routine memorisation to reproduce nerves of the down matter expected to be assessed (Entwistle, 2001). on that point is a general adoption that the manner in which singles choose or atomic number 18 inclined to approach a eruditeness situation has an impact on per take a shitance and skill of learning outcomes (Cassidy, 2004). My interpretation of Cassidys interrogation is that one learning style leave not be much than than successful than another, neverthe little, consequently, it is imperative for teachers to approach a learning style that suits the individuals in that class in order to go after them in the process of learning. Learning unavoidably to be individualizedised for whole children so they understructure get hold of their educational potential. If personalised learning is not accomplished, not every child in the class would achieve the like success in their learning.It is in addition substantial to fuck the aftermath that the learning environment has on the success of children and how this brush off be manipulated to create a exacting experience for them. Reeve (2006) recognised that stu dents understructure be curious, proactive and exceedingly engaged or they cornerstone be alienated, reactive and passive. serious how engaged students are depends on the spirit of classroom conditions. In tame scenes, engagement is important because it functions as a behavioural pathway by which students wantal processes contribute to their subsequent learning and development (Reeve et al, 1991). Therefore, it is important that an impressive learning environment is created to put forward childrens motive and, in turn, increase their learning success. However, opposing this, Taylor, Ntoumanis and Smith (2009) recognise the peripheral position of P.E. means that P.E. teachers execution in very different occupational environments in comparison to teachers in core subjects. It is important to manipulate the environment to suit the subject be taught therefore enhancing learning. I conceive the majority of children respond affirmatively to the P.E. environment, as it is a different setting to the classroom.As a direct influence of my experience as a student and a teacher I, believe that a positive correlation needs to be created surrounded by the learning environment and the learning style of the students so that successful learning throw out be created. I also believe this makes a teachers job in particular unenviable nowadays because there are so many independent variables that need to be considered so that learners target achieve their maximum learning potential. Hardre et al (2006) recognised that the inter execution of program line and learning results from complex kinetics of multiple structures and characteristics. This discovers particular emphasis on the teachers penury to understand these characteristics. Teachers motivation appears crucial for optimal gay functioning in the arrive at place because teachers who are highly incite are more engaged in their work and more satisfied (Fernet et al, 2008). Furthermore, Fernet et al (20 08) soil that a teachers motivation is directly colligate to their students motivation. The over wholly aim of this essay is to reflect on the importance of motivation in relation to Self-Determination Theory (SDT). It is important to declare that other theories of motivation are signified for educational settings, but this theory will be utilize to make colligate between types of motivation and successful learners.SDT (Deci Ryan, 1985) distinguishes between different types of motivation based on the different causes or goals that give rise to an action. A person who feels no impetus or inspiration to act is characterised as un cause, whereas fewone who is energized or activated toward an end is considered motivated (Ryan Deci, 2000). Ryan Deci (2000) declare that the most basic sign is between ingrained motivation, which refers to doing something because it is inherently kindle or pleasant, and outside motivation, which refers to doing something because it leads to a separable outcome (Ryan Deci, 2000). SDT, when applied to the realm of education, is concerned primarily with promoting in students an interest in learning, the value of education, a confidence in their capacities and attributes (Deci et al 1991). SDT is one of the most widely used theoretical frameworks to cultivation motivation in P.E, which is not surprising given that its major propositions and constructs are highly applicable to P.E. (Ntoumanis and Standage, 2009). To conclude, previous research in this compass is imperative to regularize which manner of motivation creates the most successful learner.SDT assumes that inherent in human nature is the propensity to be curious about ones environment and to be interested in learning and developing ones knowledge (Niemiec Ryan, 2009). Even though this theory give the bounce be applied to an educational setting, so-and-so it be assumed that students would still go to prepare if they generate a picking of attending? Would c hildren be curious about this type of environment and the processes that materialise there if they didnt film an obligation to attend school? Deci, Ryan and Williams (1996) recognise that for an action to be considered fully self-regulated, people must experience a aesthesis of volition and a sense of unpressured willingness to engage in the action. However, by law, all children of compulsory school age, between 5 and 16, must receive a proper full-time education. Parents are responsible for making this happen, either by registering the child at school or by making other arrangements which provide an motionive education (Department for Education, 2010). After taking into consideration the court-ordered requirements ( immaterial factor) that contain children attend school, it is important to hold forth whether they exhibit inbuilt or extrisic motivation within school.Intrinsic needIntrinsic motivation can be classed as behaviour which is accepted in the absence of outer imp etus and that is inherently interesting and enjoyable (Ryan Deci, 2000). Vansteenkiste, Soenens Lens (2009) suggests it is important to fancy realistic and meaningful inseparable goals to the learning activity so that children accept the promoted goal. This theory has been back up by Katz Assor (2006) who state that options should be constructed that are relevant to childrens interests, aimed at their level of ability and are congruent with their values. It is important to recognise what effect this has on the success of learning and Gronlick Ryan (1987) found that elementary school children, who reported more autonomous motivation for doing schoolwork, in general, showed greater conceptual learning and better memory than children who reported less autonomous motivation. This is an important factor as conceptual learning is directly related to the interpretation of success learning used in this essay. I would plead that it is difficult to achieve this by means ofout the cu rriculum as the learning is always facilitated towards judicial decision. some(prenominal) studies ask hold ined this by demonstrating that under certain conditions adventitious rewards can enhance intrinsic motivation (Ryan, Mims Koestner, 1983). I dont believe that all students would be able to disengage from the fact that they are always be assessed, whether it is plastic or additive manners, and perform based on intrinsic feelings alone. In conjunction with this, I dont believe it is sensually come-at-able for teachers to facilitate a learning environment that will enable all students to be work towards their maximum learning potential as there are too many learning variables to manipulate at one time. extraneous MotivationIt is important to recognise that intrinsic motivation, as discussed above, is not the still form of motivation which students can debate in an educational setting. Pupils can also be motivated by extrinsic factors which lead to a enjoin outc ome. Deci Ryan (2010) recognised that extrinsic motivation is used to motivate students on undertakings and lessons that are important but not necessarily intrinsically interesting. Niemiec Ryan (2009) suggest that all too often educators introduce external controls into the learning climate, which can antagonise the relationship between teachers and students and also stifle the natural process problematic in high quality learning. However, I think it is unthinkable to achieve the natural process of learning consistently and this method of motivation can be used regularly and effectively, to enhance learning in the long term. When pupils are amotivated, extrinsic motivation can be used to ensure that they are engaging in the instruction and learning process. Fortier, Vallerand and Guay (1995) support this melody by stating that extrinsic motivation can be used as a means to an end, therefore, if self-reliance is not attest then it be used as a method of increasing successf ul learning.Types of Extrinsic MotivationIn SDT, an analysis of extrinsic motivation revolves around the developmental process of internalization (Rigby et al. 1992). Internalization is the process of taking in a value or a ordination and it describes how motivation for behaviour can range from amotivation, to passive compliance, to active personal commitment (Deci Ryan, 2000). It is through the process of internalization that extrinsic motivation enables self-determined engagement during important but uninteresting endeavours (Deci Ryan, 2010). Therefore, it is vital to recognise its importance in an educational setting and its effect on the success of learning, as there are many activities in school which students find boring or uninteresting. It is important to recognise that SDT lists triple types of extrinsic motivation and each type of motivation varies in how self-determined and internalized it is (Deci Ryan, 1991). immaterial RegulationDeci Ryan (1991) recognise that in the real world of the classroom extrinsic motivation is an important method of engaging students on tasks and lessons. External economy motivation arises from and is dependent on the presence of environmental events such as rewards, pressures and constraints (Deci Ryan, 2010). External ruler is focused on the outcome of tasks such as assessment and grades in an educational setting. This method is not self-determined and lies on one end of the self-rule continuum. I would argue that this method of motivation is used throughout the school curriculum as children are continually assessed through formative and summative methods. When applied to core P.E. it is important to realise that students are still graded on their ability and knowledge at the end of a unit of work. However, it is important not to use this method of motivation all of the time or it will lose its value. SDT explains that autonomously supported students thrive, and it explains why students thrive when the teacher supports their impropriety (Deci Ryan, 2010). I think that there needs to be a balance between the two dichotomies and external regulation should be used during more arduous tasks and when the children are amotivated. Therefore, a more autonomous approach should be used during tasks and lessons that are more in all probability to engage the students. Finding a balance between these two dichotomies and utilising them expeditiously would help to increase students learning success.Introjected RegulationDeci Ryan (2010) suggest that the internalized demands of a teacher or parent actually regulate the students behaviour, which leads to the reasoning behind introjected regulation (representing the first phase of the internalization process). When parents are positive they value obedience and conformity in their children (Grolnick Ryan, 1989). I believe this type of motivation is what is needed for some students because they are able to engage more in lessons if they are supervised closely and behave to an ideal standard. I have found this method to be successful with more difficult children as it acts as a deterrent for misbehaviour and they seek positive feedback from their parents. On the other hand, there is some evidence that, in some instances, high levels of controlling involvement may actually be less beneficial than lower levels of involvement (Weiss Grolnick, 1991). Thus well-meaning parents may break easily focused on exam results, pressurising their children and undermining the very characteristics they wish to indoctrinate (Deci Ryan, 2010). To conclude, introjected regulation motivation is implemented into school and P.E. in particular. There is regular contact between parents and teachers through phone calls, planners and reports. I would argue that this method of motivation works well for some students and less so for others. It is very much dependent on the individual as to whether this method is successful.Identified RegulationIdentified regulation is where the student accepts the merits of a vox populi or behaviour because he or she sees its importance or personal utility (Deci Ryan, 2010). Identified regulation is the most self-determined of the extrinsic approaches and students use this method as they accept the merits of a belief. (Deci Ryan, 2010). This theory has been supported by Dweck Elliott (1983) as they state that children who hold learning goals are concerned with increasing their competence, so their goal is to acquire new skills or extend their mastery. I have observed teachers who use this method to promote reasoning behind certain tasks when students dont envisage it as valuable to their needs. Once the reasoning behind the work has been given the students accept that the work is of value to their learning. On the other hand, I dont believe this method can be used all the time, as some students do not see education as a valuable necessity within their life. There are some students who already h ave a job guaranteed for them before leaving school so an education is not of any value to them. In this instance, learning is not successful as the students are amotivated to enrol in the lesson. This leads on to how teachers use these different methods to motivate students.Intrinsic TeacherClassroom practices that support students triumph of self-direction, competence and relatedness are associated with greater intrinsic motivation (Niemiec Ryan, 2009). This theory is embraced by other researchers who recognise that a teaching style which provides students with opportunities to makes choices appears to have a positive effect on their intrinsic motivation (Biddle et al, 1995). Williams and Deci (1997) concluded that autonomy supportive educators improve conceptual learning and psychological adjustment in medical students. It also golf links into the definition of successful learning which is being used for the context of this essay. This review, however, was only done on a hum ble scale and, therefore, does not indicate whether this method of teaching is the most effective for a wide range of students. Furthermore, a lot of the research was conducted in a laboratory, which doesnt necessarily reflect real life experiences in education. On the other hand, it could be argued that in a more realistic environment there are too many other factors that need to be taken into consideration when researching the effect of motivation and learning. Ryan Neimiec (2009) summarise this point by clarifying that there is resistance from quantitive methods, reflecting the hegenomous forces entrenched in societies, or that the scientific method ultimately reduces humans to mere objects in casual chains. Therefore, how is it possible to measure the success of learning when it is impossible to isolate motivation as the only factor that influences a childs education?Extrinsic TeacherStudies have sh have got that if teachers feel responsible for student performance standards th en they are more controlling towards students and less affective in their teaching (Flink, Boggiano Barrett, 1990). One reason why teachers use controlling, quite than autonomy-supportive strategies in the classroom is because external pressures are position on them (Niemiec Ryan, 2009). With a lot of focus being placed on assessment and targets within school, I feel there has been as shift external from the quality of the teaching hailring. This is supported by Wild, Enzle and Hawkins (1992) who state that an externally throttle teacher imposes lessons on a dependent and constrained learner and, therefore, there are threats to the personal autonomy of both parties. I believe this minimises the enjoyment of the lessons from the students perspective and because they are not intrinsically motivated an alternate method must be used to increase learning success. Deci et al. (2001) explains that because many of the tasks educators want their students to perform are not inherently interesting or enjoyable, knowing how to promote more active forms of extrinsic motivation becomes an essential strategy for successful teaching.Intrinsic P.EEnhancing students motivation is an important accusative in physical education for a teacher as it has been linked to exercise participation outside of school and future intentions to exercise (Standage, Duda Ntoumanis, 2003). Duda Nicholls (1992) supported this theory by stating that participation in many sports and physical activities can lead to feelings of autonomy and competence and may produce joy, excitement, thrills and other satisfy emotions. It is therefore easy to see why physical activities may be inherently intrinsically motivating. I would argue that the use of this statement is too broad even though a grand majority of pupils do enjoy physical education, they do not enjoy all of the activities provided by the P.E. curriculum. In my personal experience, specifically from my diagnostic placement, I found that the vast majority of boys enjoyed participating in football. On the other hand, when activities such as rugby and dance are included on their timetable, they did not demonstrate the same amount of motivation and enthusiasm. Consequently, Ferrer-Caja Weiss (2000) found it would be appropriate to attempt the model of intrinsic motivation among students taking physical education as an elective class to gain insight into motivational attitudes and behaviours in physical education. Again, this would require isolating motivation as the only variable to effect the success of learning.Extrinsic P.E.Although most pupils are intrinsically motivated to participate in P.E. lessons, there are many children who are extrinsically motivated or lack motivation to participate (Ntoumanis, 2001). Extrinsic motivation can be used as an effective method of engaging students in a P.E. lesson if they do not feel intrinsically motivated to learn. It is important to take into consideration the activity tha t the students are participating in. A study by Fredrick Ryan (1993) determining motivation levels between fitness activity participants (high appearance motivation) and individual sport participants (low appearance motivation), showed that individual sports participants tended to have higher levels of self-determination towards the activity. Deci Ryan (2010) support this by stating that extrinsic motivation is expected to relate to lower levels of positive effect, less self-reported satisfaction and competence and lower reports of adherence activity. The issues that arise from the study of Fredrick Ryan (1993) are that the sample aggroup was quite narrow with 376 participants taking part. Also, the research used an adult cohort, rather than children, so the foreland has to be asked, would this theory of motivation still apply to an educational setting? From a personal experience as a student, I found that the use of extrinsic rewards only served to motivate me more in lessons. During my teaching practice, I used extrinsic rewards during invasion games lessons and there was a clear increase in the levels of motivation from students. However, I felt that this extra motivation took the focus away from the learning objectives and towards the extrinsic rewards, which had a direct effect on the success of learning in the lesson.Extracurricular clubsIt is important to discuss the effect of extra-curricular clubs in school and particularly P.E. on the continued success of students. It can be argued that students do no need to attend these clubs, therefore, are they intrinsically motivated if they attend? Although these clubs are not considered compulsory, their importance in relation to the success of learning is vital. Extra-curricular clubs can contribute by consolidating learning of the traditional P.E. curriculum, as well as offering opportunities in untraditional activities. Students who attend these clubs are considered to be autonomous because they have a choice whether they want to be there or not. Deci Ryan (2010) recognise that autonomy supported students thrive and this can help to benefit students learning. Taking this into account, their research suggests that when students are given a chance to explore their own agenda it helps to increase engagement. I believe that when pupils are engaged in an activity and they find the task enjoyable then the success of their conceptual learning is greater. However, I feel that P.E. is the only extra-curricular club which is not associated with an end outcome such as grades. In general, children attend P.E. clubs because they enjoy the activity, whereas in English, for instance, they generally attend to complete work. throw Experience of P.E (Student)In my own experience, as a student in P.E, I found that I was most engaged in lessons and was learning optimally when the teacher adopted an autonomous approach to the lesson. This coincides with results from research by Niemiec Ryan (2009) which demonstrated that children assigned to autonomy-supportive teachers, relative to those assigned to controlling teachers, reported change magnitude intrinsic motivation, perceived competence and self-esteem over time. I felt that certain teachers gave me a sense of responsibility for my learning and allowed me to make my own informed choices and decisions. This helped to build a relationship between myself and the teacher that deepen my learning in lessons, as well as increasing my intrinsic motivation. When extrinsic motivation was used it only served to motivate me even more, but I didnt feel this approach was necessary because my autonomy was already present when participating in P.E. lessons. However, I do feel that extrinsic motivation can be used as an effective method for students who are amotivated towards P.E. when it is used in the correct fashion.Own Experience of P.E (Teacher)From a teaching perspective, I found it difficult to increase motivation during my diagn ostic teaching placement. A number of children perceived P.E to have little or no benefit to them in and out of school so they often chose not to bring their turnout to lessons. I had particular trouble with a group of lower ability year 10 students, with up to ten students forgetting their kit each lesson. These students demonstrated a form of amotivation and they were neither intrinsically or extrinsically motivated. The generic reason the children gave for not participating was because there was no summative outcome (GCSE grade) at the end of their education. I think this highlights whether students are ever intrinsically motivated in school because the focus is always on results and targets. This reason order me to try and alter the way I introduced the learning tasks to the students. Niemiec Ryan (2009) support this approach by suggesting the way in which a teacher introduces learning tasks impacts on students satisfaction of the basic psychological needs for autonomy and co mpetence, thereby either allowing intrinsic motivation to flourish and deeper learning to occur or thwarting these processes. The method I used was to promote their autonomy by teaching to suit their desired learning style and allowing them to learn through games, as well as using external regulation by pressurising the students with threats of detentions.What do children want to achieve?Throughout this essay links have been made between different types of motivation and the make they have on the success of learning. Although the success of learning has already been defined for the context of the essay, it is important to discuss what children want to achieve from their learning experience. Are they more concerned about the grade they achieve or about having understanding about list processes and concepts they are taught? Much of the research in the playing area of motivation recognises that children who demonstrate intrinsic motivation show better conceptual learning (Niemiec R yan, 2009). Ryan Deci (2000) recognised that intrinsic motivation results in high quality learning and creativity, but it is especially important to detail the factors and forces that engender versus sabotage it. Cognitive Evaluation Theory (CET), a sub-theory of SDT, states that events which decrease perceived self-determination (i.e., that lead to a more external perceived locus of causality) will undermine intrinsic motivation (Deci, Koestner Ryan, 2001). This theory is the underlying reason to discuss whether children are focused on grades or understanding.Assessment or understanding?At present there is a large focus on schools within the education system to achieve targets, grades and positioning within compact tables, rather than focusing on teaching to develop knowledge of key processes and outcomes. With the increased pressure that is placed on teachers and students alike, I feel that this has caused a shift towards teaching to targets method. In turn, this has taken the freedom away from teachers to use their creativity to develop a curriculum to suit the needs of their learners. Ultimately, this has directed the government to develop an initiative for all students to gain 5 A*-C at GCSE including English and Maths. The overall emphasis of assessment has been integrated into the educational system by the use of summative assessment at the end of each term. Even further down the assessment continuum, it is important for students to know what level they are working at within lessons and what learning outcomes they should be achieving by the end of the lesson. I would argue that assessment is an important aspect of the education system, but is not ideal for illustrating the success of learners. I would also suggest that pupils who make more progress in lessons are more successful learners than those who achieve a higher level with minimal effort. Although intrinsic motivation is widely accepted as more beneficial for learning in comparison to extrins ic motivation (Ryan Deci, 2000) with the constraints and pressures that are placed on teachers and students, I feel it is impossible to promote this method, therefore affecting the success of learning.Assessment and P.E.One subject area that can be viewed differently, in terms of educational outcomes, is P.E. Summative assessment does not take place, unless this subject is chosen as a GCSE option, but otherwise there are not as many external factors that can undermine the feelings of intrinsic motivation. My teaching experiences so far have indicated that there is an emphasis on learning outcomes within lessons, but no external locus that can undermine intrinsic motivation. As discussed earlier, this is why I think it is important to promote intrinsic motivation within P.E. lessons as learners may not get the chance to engage this way in other lessons. I think this allows students to increase their conceptual learning and develop life skills, rather than be taught how to pass an ex am. If the students have taken away knowledge and skills which they can use in life then I feel that they have been successful with their learning, in comparison to a student who has been taught to pass an exam. On the other hand, students who do not like participating in this area of the curriculum will find core P.E. surplus to their requirements as they do not have to pursue a grade. Therefore, there is no external locus to undermine any feelings of intrinsic motivation. However, it is important to motivate these students by other methods to facilitate successful learning.ConclusionIn conclusion, this essay has critiqued the effect of different types of motivation, in line with the theory of SDT, on successful learning for children in an educational setting. Particular focus has been placed on the effects of motivation that students adopt, the approach to learning from the teachers and the subject being studied, including strong links to Physical Education. As all children learn in different ways, it is impossible to suggest that one isolated method of motivation helps to create more successful students. Furthermore, it can be argued that different types of motivation are required for the same learner, when they are being taught in different activity areas. This makes the teachers task extremely difficult as different types of motivation need to be utilised to help children reach their educational potential. From a personal perspective, it is important that I am able to utilise different methods of motivation to enhance the success of the students I am responsible for. Deci Ryan (2010) recognise that integrating students motivational resources into the school curriculum requires teachers to develop new skills and implement conceptual change. educational environments contain many independent variables that can contribute to a childs learning and these variables need to be considered when researching the effect of motivation on the success of learning. I do nt believe that the research about motivation in an educational setting can be fully endorsed, as it is impossible to isolate motivation as the only factor affecting the success of learning. Finally, I would question whether a child is ever intrinsically motivated in an educational setting due to legal requirements to attend and the focus on assessment within lessons.Are pupils ever intrinsically motivated? (Assessment)

The Pearl by John Steinbeck :: The Pearl John Steinbeck

The Pearl by John SteinbeckThe Pearl by John Steinbeck. This book evolves place in Mexico during the nineteen hundreds in the urban center of La Paz.The main characters are Kino an Indian bead piston who finds the magnificent pearl and whose life is partially destroyed by this pearl. Juana is Kinos married woman and faithful partner and she is obedient and devoted to her family. Coyotito is Kino and Juanas infant intelligence he is bitten by a scorpion and recovers miraculously only to be afterwards killed by a bullet.The theme of this book is not to let rapacity or money to get in the way of you or your family. avariciousness is a destructive force and if not controlled it will effect you a lot maybe even forever, standardised the death of Kinos son Coyotito. Another theme is fate because fate was a study aspect to wherefore Kino did not succeed in his dreams of having a luxurious life. When Kino discovered the Pearl he thought that it would take him out of poverty and int o a life of happiness. The pearl was not meant for anyone to find, and the purpose of one was luck, a little pat on the back by God.The problem in this story is that Kino is trying to sell his pearl and every one bids a low price. That means he keeps it eternal and everyone is trying to steal it from him. The conflict is man vs. man the reason why is that a lot of people are trying to steal it from him the sidereal day he got it. It went to the point that people were tracking him for it and attacking him in his sleep.I hated it when Kino went pearl diving and found the pearl of the world, and started devising a scene. When you find something very valuable like that you keep that a secret and under ground. When you make a discovery with something valuable like that you do not deal in front of an audience you do it privately.

Eulogy for Father :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for FatherI stand before you today to pay my last respects, and to say my terminal goodbyes, to my father Harry.I have to admit at the outset that it is very(prenominal) difficult to do this. The difficulty is not righteous due to the open causes -- the sadness, the grief, and the sense of loss. Nor is it due to the confrontation with death in its utter finality, and the resulting consternation regarding ones own mortality.No, this is difficult for me primarily because of all of the unfinished business that I have with my father. And while a part of me continues to nurture the hope that, had he lived longer, I would have been able to finish my business, I have to complete that this is not true.Because, the fact is, it is very hard for sons to ever attain a in reality clear perspective on their own fathers.I know this to be true from my 20 years of experience as a psychologist whose central interest has been fatherhood.In the Fatherhood Course that I teach, this come f orward of son-father business usually comes up in the first class. We might be talking about why the men decided to enroll in the course, and after a few guys give the standard reasons, and others make near quips, the mood palpably shifts to serious as one father speaks, tear down lip quivering You want to know why I am here? Ill tell you why I am here. I am here so that my little son Timmy will not thumb as bad about me when hes grown up as I do about my own dad. The mans words hit the room uniform a hurricane, and soon the theme of father son business is on every mans lips. The fathers then become sons and talk about the grief, pain and rancour they feel toward their own fathers. Lets go into the classroom now, so that you can catch these mens voicesI neer know what my father thought. He just would never talk about himself.I know he love us because he was a good provider. He worked two jobs in order to put all five of us though parochial school and several of us though col lege. But I never knew if he liked me.To this day I wonder what he really thinks of me. Is he proud of me?Every time I call home, pop answers the phone, and it usually goes like this Hi.

Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone :: Antigone essays

The Tragic Hero in Antigone Antigone is a Greek sad piece that stresses the use of power and morality versus the law written by Sophocles. Both Antigone and Creon, the main characters in the play, could represent the tragic crampfish. A tragic milling machinery is a character who is known for being dignified and has a flaw that assists to his or her downf every(prenominal). In my opinion, Creon best qualifies for being the tragic hero and fitting the definition read in the previous sentence. The things he said, did, and the comments that were make by those around him show how a man with everything could lose it all due to his own behavior. To open, the things he said showed how he changed and became the tragic hero of the play. Many of his statements reveal his personality including his admirable parts and his flaws. When Creon says I call off to God to witness that if I saw my country headed for ruin, I should non be afraid to speak bug out plainly, (Sophocles, scene 1,24-26) , it shows his strong adept of nationalism and leadership which catches up with him in the end. The inflexible heart breaks first, the toughest press out cracks first, and the wildest horses bend their necks at the pull of the smallest curb (scene 2,76-79) is what Creon says to Antigone after finding out she is the one who buried Polynieces. He weighs that if Antigone wasnt so headstrong and arrogant indeed she could have avoided the consequence he was about to give her. I think Creon was being a hypocrite because he is just as obstinate as she is. The reason why Creon and Antigone come in to so lots conflict is because their ways of thinking are almost exactly alike. It is lowering to deny the heart But I will do it I will not fight with destiny (scene 5, 100), is a statement that shows Creon spotting his fault and how he require to correct it. After talking to Teiresias, the fraud prophet, he realizes in order for the higher powers to forgive him he needs to release Antig one. Fate has brought all my pride to a thought of junk (exodos, 138). Creon recognizes his flaw and its consequences but it is too late because fate has already occurred. Moreover, legion(predicate) people say that actions speak louder than words.

Against Animal Testing Essay -- Animal Cruelty

We all have a pet any is a dog named spot or a cat named fluffy would you wont few one to test medicine or nonfunctional on your pet so why let them on some one else. Today I am going to tell you why animate beings interrogation is wrong, what the dose and cosmetic companies do to these poor creatures. Drug interrogatory on animals is unnecessary because animals body never reacts to drug like humans. Drug and cosmetic companies atomic number 18 the biggest animal tester. They have a lot of drug recalled because animal interrogation didnt show that they where wrongful. It is reasonable a waste of money, era and effort to test on animals because 60% of the time it just torments the animals and never benefits anyone. Why do you need to realise this because I think you need to know how useless animal testing is.Drug companies use animals to test their products to make sure their safe unless it doesnt always piece of work and it is very inhumane to the animals they argon te sting on. According to geocities.com article paw_n_tails that I accessed on November 10 to measure unappeasable burns on live tissue, a pet is burned springy with a flame-thrower until the charred flesh can be removed in turgid pieces from while the animal is still alive. An experiment to study head soil requires a animals head to be strapped down and receive high intrusion blows to the head resulting in severe brain damage. To demonstrate there is no difference in eye protein levels of the site deprived, the animals eyelids are sewn conclude then later compared to normal protein levels. Drug testing on animals has caused harm and death to humans, too. Many patients who were administered the general anesthetic Methoxyflurane lost function of their kidneys because animal experiments failed to reveal possible kidney toxicity. The arth... ...are used to determine the amount of a stub that will kill a predetermined ratio of animals. For example, in the LD50 test, subjects are forced to ingest poisonous substances (through stomach tubes, vapor spray inhalers or injection) until half of them die. Common reactions to LD tests include convulsions, vomiting, paralysis and bleeding from the eyes, nose, mouth or rectum.To day I have told you that we are made different so why test on animals to help us when half the time it doesnt work, and that animal testing in drug companies cause an injury to an animal just to see if a product will work on them, and how cosmetic companies cause death to animal just so people can look more beautiful. Now you are ask your self what can I do to help these poor puppies and kittens that are treated so cruelty well you could use product that are not tested on animals.